APPLE PESTS 



517 



Owing to their coloring, which resem- 

 bles closely that of the bark upon which 

 they often rest, and their habit of re- 

 maining quiet during the daytime, these 

 moths can very rarely be detected in the 

 orchard. Occasionally one may be seen 

 flitting about the trees at twilight, and 

 very rarely we have observed them resting 



Fig. 2. Adult Resting on Apple. 



quietly upon the bark and leaves and 

 even on the ground. When disturbed 

 they start away with a swift zig-zag mo- 

 tion very hard to follow. For the purpose 

 of depositing eggs they normally fly only 

 during the warm nights, and are pre- 

 sumably most active during the twilight 

 period. 



Recommendations for Northwest 



Conditions which are found in the East- 

 ern states have but little bearing upon 

 somewhat dissimilar conditions found in 

 this section. Early spraying alone will 

 not save the fruit, and it is not only prac- 

 ticable but necessary to fight the second 

 brood. So far as the codling moth is con- 

 cerned, early applications, after the calyx 

 lobes close are of very little value in 

 Western Oregon and Washington. In the 

 orchard sections of those regions the 

 petals fall from the first week in May to 

 several weeks later in sections along the 

 coast. 



The first larvae enter the fruit at Cor- 

 vallis, Oregon, rarely before June 25, so 

 that a period of about six or seven weeks 

 exists between the time of the calyx spray 



and the time when the larvae enter the 

 fruit. This is in a great measure due 

 probably to the fact that the eggs of the 

 codling moth are not deposited until the 

 evening temperatures reach 60 degrees 

 Fahrenheit, or above. 



At Roseburg, Oregon, the records of the 

 U. S. Weather Bureau for the past ten 

 years were examined and notes made as 

 follows: After May 20, at dusk of each 

 day the temperature is about 60 degrees 

 Fahrenheit, or above. Beginning with June 

 1 the evening temperature, up to 12 

 o'clock, does not fall below 65 degrees 

 Fahrenheit. At Roseburg, June 8, eggs, 

 hatched and unhatched, were found with 

 an occasional larva entering the fruit. 



At Medford, Oregon, the larvae begin 

 to work in the fruit about the same time. 



Becommendations for Spraying in 

 Northwest 



Make at least three applications and in 

 renovating old orchards a fourth will not 

 do any harm. 



1. In all sections spray immediately 

 after the petals fall. 



2. In all sections of Western Oregon and 

 Washington it is not necessary to spray 

 two weeks after the first application. 

 Make the second application approximate- 

 ly six weeks after the calyx spray, and 

 the third about five weeks after the sec- 

 ond. Where a fourth application is deemed 

 necessary, spray about three weeks after 

 the third. 



3. In sections of the Northwest, east of 

 the Cascade mountains, spray from two to 

 three weeks after the first application, de- 

 pending upon the weather conditions. 

 Make a third application five weeks after 

 the second and a fourth two weeks later 

 than the third. 



Poisons To Be Used 



Paris green, London purple, arsenate of 

 lime, and arsenate of lead, are the prin- 

 cipal arsenites which have been used for 

 spraying. At present the last-named is 

 practically the only one used. The prin- 

 cipal brands upon the market at present 

 are Bean's Ortho 13, Better Spray, Gras- 

 selli's Star, Lyons', Swift's, and Sherwin- 

 Williams. These fall readily into two 

 classes, viz.: the neutral ortho-arsenates 



