APPLE PESTS 



521 



tufts of bristle-like projections. Two 

 broods are reported, the last one seems 

 to be the worst. This insect is sometimes 

 confused with the tent caterpillar which 

 appears in the spring and builds its webs 

 in the forks of the limbs. 



Remedies 



The clusters of eggs on the limbs should 

 be destroyed if possible when the leaves 

 are off. The webs or tents may be cut out 

 and destroyed or they may be burned 

 with a torch. If this cannot be done 

 spray with standard solutions of some of 

 the arsenical mixtures. 



Fabian Garcia 



Fruit Tree Bark Beetle 



Scolytiis rugulosus Ratz 



General Cbaracteristics and Metliod of 

 Work 



Orchard trees are subject to the attack 

 of a small boring insect, the fruit tree 

 bark beetle (Scolytiis rugulosus Ratz), its 

 presence being manifested by what are 

 called "worm holes," minute round open- 

 ings in the outer bark scarcely a sixteenth 

 of an inch in diameter, accompanied by 

 wilting of the leaves and shriveling of the 

 bark, and, in the case of stone-fruit trees, 

 by more or less copious exudations of 

 gum. The first appearing holes are made 

 by the parent beetles in entering the bark 

 to deposit their eggs, but later, if no effort 

 is made to check the insect's work, the 

 bark will be found thickly "peppered" 

 with holes as though by fine bird shot. 

 These are the exit holes of beetles that 

 have in their larval stage mined and de- 

 veloped under the bark. 



Distribution 



Since first observed in this country in 

 1877 the species has spread pretty general- 

 ly from New York westward to the Mis- 

 sissippi states. 



Life History 



As early as the middle of March, first of 

 April or later in May, according to local- 

 ity and season, the parent beetles make 

 their first appearance and may be seen 

 crawling about orchard trees and begin- 

 ning to burrow through the bark. After 

 penetrating to the sapwood, the female 



constructs, partly within the bark and 

 partly in the wood next to it, a vertical 

 gallery or brood chamber, and along the 

 sides of this at very short intervals gnaws 

 little pockets in which she deposits her 

 eggs. The minute, whitish, grub-like lar- 

 vae hatching from these eggs excavate 

 little side galleries, which start out at 

 right angles to the brood chamber but 

 soon diverge and widen with the increase 

 in size of the growing larvae. Much 

 more frequently this insect lives in such 

 numbers, with its galleries so closely 

 packed together under the bark of a 

 tree, that it is with difficulty that individ- 

 ual galleries can be distinguished. 



The complete transformation from egg 

 to adult occupies from four to six weeks. 

 There are two, and possibly three, broods. 



Keniedies 



The beetles are held in check by a num- 

 ber of parasites. The "cutting out" 

 method in use against other borers is of 

 little avail in this case. 



Where clean culture is practised and 

 trees are regularly sprayed for codling 

 moth and scale these insects will be in 

 large measure repelled. The beetles may 

 be killed in specially infested areas by 

 light applications of kerosene oil. after 

 which these areas should be cut away. 



From Div. Ento. Circular 29, Revised. 



Fruit Tree Leaf Roller 



ArcTiips argyrospila Walk 



Introduction 



Until quite recently the fruit tree leaf 

 roller (Archips argyrospila Walk) has 

 been looked upon as an insect of only 

 minor importance to cultivated crops. 

 During the past few years, however, it 

 has become unusually abundant and has 

 caused considerable loss to fruit grow- 

 ers in certain sections, notably in Colo- 

 rado and New Mexico and in New York 

 state. 



The damage incurred by the leaf roller 

 has varied from 25 to 90 per cent of the 

 entire fruit crop, depending on the meas- 

 ures of control adopted, the abundance 

 of the "worms," and the kind or variety 

 of fruit attacked. In unsprayed orchards 



