524 



ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PRACTICAL HORTICULTURE 



puddling of oil around the crown should 

 be guarded against. 



Lime-sulphur solutions proved to be 

 a decided failure as a destroyer of the 

 egg masses. Strengths ranging from 1 

 gallon of lime-sulphur to 7 gallons of 

 water to 1 gallon of lime-sulphur to 10 

 gallons of water were sprayed on apple 

 trees and no benefit was derived from 

 their use. 



Eecoraniendations for Control 

 Experimental work has shown that the 

 best method for controlling the fruit tree 

 leaf roller is by a very thorough applica- 

 tion of a miscible oil at the rate of 1 gal- 

 lon to 1.5 gallons of water during the dor- 

 mant season. It must be understood that 

 by thoroughness of application is meant 

 the use of enough material to cover all 

 parts of the tree, from the tip of the 

 highest or smallest branch to the very 

 base of the trunk. In order to do 

 thorough work the trees must necessarily 

 be sprayed from all directions. It is very 

 often the case that the top branches or 

 those around the inside are missed by the 

 man operating the rod. It must be re- 

 membered that only those egg masses 

 actually hit or covered with the material 

 will tail to hatch and those missed will 

 surely hatch out "worms" in the spring 

 to feed upon the trees. Orchardists 

 should realize that thorough spraying 

 v?ith the right material and at the proper 

 time pays well, but careless, haphazard 

 work gives disappointing returns. 



All plants upon which eggs have been 

 laid should be sprayed. Besides fruit 

 trees, egg masses may be found on vari- 

 ous shade trees, shrubs, and currant, 

 gooseberry, raspberry, and rose bushes, 

 etc. Eggs will also be found on build- 

 ings, spray outfits, wagons, fences, etc., 

 and it is recommended that these egg 

 masses be crushed so far as is practicable. 

 The best time to spray is just before 

 the buds burst in the spring. Late spring 

 is preferable to early spring, as weather 

 conditions are usually more favorable. 

 There is also less likelihood of injury to 

 the trees by the oil after the sap has be- 

 gun to flow with considerable pressure. 



Spraying should not be done during 

 threatening weather. Orchardists should 

 bear in mind that the strength of miscible 

 oil recommended is for a dormant spray 

 and should never be applied to trees 

 in foliage. Spraying should be completed 

 in the spring before the buds have ad- 

 vanced so far as to have the green tips 

 exposed. If the above precautions are 

 carefully followed in applying the miscible 

 oil, danger of injury to trees will be re- 

 duced to the minimum. 



There are a number of good commercial 

 brands of miscible oil on the market. 

 These miscible or soluble oils are so made 

 that they mix readily with water. Noz- 

 zles with medium-sized holes or apertures 

 are recommended. 



Miscible oils at the strength recom- 

 mended for the destruction of the eggs 

 of the fruit tree leaf roller are valuable 

 in controlling scale insects such as the 

 San Jose scale, Howard scale, etc. Or- 

 chards sprayed with the oil for the leaf 

 rollers will not require the usual applica- 

 tion of lime-sulphur for the San Jose or 

 Howard scales. 



In conjunction with the oil treatment 

 in badly infested districts it is recom- 

 mended that a very thorough application 

 of arsenate of lead, at the rate of 3 pounds 

 to 50 gallons of water, be applied when 

 the larvae are emerging from the eggs. 

 The larvae will be found to be hatching 

 just as the cluster buds on early-blooming 

 varieties of apple are beginning to sep- 

 arate. The necessity for making this ap- 

 plication will depend largely upon the 

 thoroughness with which the miscible 

 oil was applied. 



From Div. Ents. Circular 29, Reissued. 



References 



Bureau Entomology, Bulletin 116. 

 Colorado Board of Horticulture. 1912 

 Report. 



Cornell Bulletin 311. 



Fruit Tree Leaf Syneta 



Syneta albida Lee. 

 H. F. Wilson 

 Although this insect has been doing 

 quite a little damage for some time, there 



