530 



ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PRACTICAL HORTICULTURE 



Hag Moth 



Phobt'triin pitheciiim 



This is a slug-like caterpillar of very 

 singular form, sometimes found upon ap- 

 ple, oak and wild cherry. It reaches a 

 length of 0.60 inch. Extending out from 

 each side of its body are four long ten- 

 tacle-like curved and tapering fleshy 

 processes. The color is dark brown. The 

 adult is a purplish brown moth, with a 

 stretch of front wings of a trifle less than 

 one inch. 



The insect pupates in a papery cocoon 

 upon the outside of which are attached 

 the long processes from the body of the 

 caterpillar. These bear nettle-hairs which 

 have been thought to protect the enclosed 

 pupa from enemies. The cocoons are at- 

 tached to twigs and bark. 



The insect is interesting chiefly be- 

 cause of its singular appearance. It is 

 never common. 



Hickory Tiger Moth 



Halesidota caryac 



So called because of the color and spot- 

 ting of the wings. The caterpillars are 

 about one and one-half inches long and 

 have a row of eight black tufts along the 

 back, and two long black pencils, each on 

 the fourth and tenth segments. Orchards 

 sprayed for codling moth will not be 

 troubled. 



Ivy or Oleander Scale 

 Aspidiotus hederae. Vail. 



General Appearance. — Circular flat scale, 

 one-sixteenth to one-eighth of an inch in 

 diameter, the male scales being very much 

 smaller. The color varies from light to 

 dark gray. 



The life history is the same as the 

 San Jose scale. It is distributed gener- 

 ally throughout the country. 



Control. — Same as San Jose scale. A 

 small chalcid fly works effectively on this 

 scale. 



E. O. Essici. 

 Cal. Hort. Com. 



Lk.\f Crujipler.— See Apple Leaf Grum- 

 pier, this section. 



Leaf Hopper.— See Apple Leaf Hopper, 

 this section. 



Leaf Miner.— See Trumpet Leaf Miner, 

 this section. 



Leaf Roller. — See Oblique Banded Leaf 

 Roller, this section. 



Leak Sewkr.— See Apple Leaf Sewer. 

 this section. 



Leaf Stxeta. — See Fruit Tree Leaf 

 Syneta, this section. 



Lecanium. — See European Fruit Lecan- 

 ium, this section. 



Lesser Apple Leaf Folder 



Acleri.'! minula Rob. 

 This leaf folder commences work with 

 the opening of the leaves. The eggs for 

 the spring brood are laid by a small slate- 

 gray moth and hatch into small green 

 worms, having pale brown or yellowish 

 heads with white markings. The oppo- 

 site edges of the young leaves are drawn 

 together upwards and fastened with a 

 silken web, thus forming a roofed cham- 

 ber within which the caterpillar lives. 

 Like all of its family, when alarmed, it 

 deftly lowers itself to the ground by 

 means of a silken thread. It is con- 

 trolled by the lime-sulphur wash. 



H. A. Goss-ivRD 



Lesser .Vpple Worm 



Eiiarrnoiiia prunivora Walsh 



During the past few years the species 

 known as Enarmonia prunivora has been 

 found very commonly infesting the fruit 

 of the apple in various parts of the 

 United States, in some sections so abun- 

 dantly as to cause serious loss to or- 

 chardists, the insect ranking in impor- 

 tance as an apple pest close to the codling 

 moth. 



The small, fusiform, flesh-colored lar- 

 vae, about three-eighths of an inch long, 

 injure the fruit around the calyx by eat- 

 ing out shallow cavities or boring holes 

 into the flesh from one-fourth to one-half 

 inch or more in depth, in the ripening 

 fruit occasionally penetrating to the seeds. 

 The surface of the fruit, especially in 

 the calyx basin, is also injured, the lar- 

 vae working beneath the skin and eating 

 out galleries or large blotch mines, fre- 

 quently with holes or borings extending 

 more deeply into the flesh. The work of 

 this species resembles rather closely that 

 of the codling moth, and the similarity 

 of the larva to the codling moth larva 

 and the further similarity in the life his- 



