534 



ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PRACTICAL HORTICULTURE 







l^!^^ 



Fig. 2. Periodical Cicada ; Sectiuu of sud witli 

 pupal gallery extension above ground. (Orig- 

 inal.) 



less against the pupae. Some experiments 

 carried on by the United States govern- 

 ment show that newly emerged pupae 

 may be destroyed by spraying with a 2 

 per cent solution of carbolic acid or a 15 

 per cent solution of acetic acid. 



Coating the trees with whitewash or 

 spraying with a strong solution of lime- 

 sulphur offers a possible protective means 

 against egg deposition, as it has been 

 stated that the cicadas do not like to sit 

 on a white surface. 



Phenococcus 



P. dearnessi 



The immature insects hibernate under 

 the rough bark of apple trees. Eggs are 

 laid in early summer, the young migrat- 

 ing to the under side of leaves. The in- 

 sect secretes a cottony substance as 

 shown in the illustration. 



The usual remedies for scale. 



Ralihits 



By H. F. Wilson 

 The first suggestion would be to remove 

 all brush piles and thickets and other 

 places which offer hiding places or may 

 serve as breeding places. 



Kcpollents 



Perhaps the easiest to apply and about 

 as efficient as any repellent is the com- 



mon lime-sulphur spray applied to the 

 trunks of the trees so as to drench them. 



The Arkansas Experiment Station rec- 

 ommends painting the trunks of trees in 

 the fall with white lead and linseed oil. 

 Mixed paints should not be substituted 

 for the above, as they may contain oils 

 which would injure the trees. This seem- 

 ed to give very satisfactory results and 

 had the advantage of remaining on the 

 trees for an entire season. 



The Oklahoma Station recommends the 

 following formula which they found very 

 satisfactory: "Water one gallon, one 

 pound soap, two to four ounces of car- 

 bolic acid." Some prefer to add enough 

 vermilion red to give the mixture a good 

 pink color and the consistency of cream. 

 This is painted on the trunk of the trees 

 in the fall with a brush or swab of rags 

 tied to a stick. 



Tree Protectors and Wrappers 



Wire window screen and fine chicken 

 fence wire may be used with success in 

 case of small trees. They should be about 

 two feet high and should be allowed to 

 stand out a short distance from the tree. 

 The tubes should be fastened with wire. 



Wooden veneer strips or some of the 

 ready-made protectors may be used with 



IMii'iuu-nccus dcariif'ssi. 



