576 



ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PRACTICAL HORTICULTURE 



robust. The pupae are first light, grad- 

 ually becoming darker with age. 



Life History 



The adult beetles after hibernating or 

 breeding in stored beans over winter ap- 

 pear in the spring about the time the 

 beans are blooming and lay their eggs 

 upon the pods, in cracks at the end or in 

 slits made by the female's jaws. Upon 

 hatching the young larvae bore through 

 the pod or reach the beans within 

 through a natural crack and begin to en- 

 ter them by drilling a small hole, the en- 

 trance of which either heals over or is 

 so small as to be unobserved. Once within 

 the bean the entire life history is spent 

 there, the adults emerging at will by 

 cutting a circular hole in the side. The 

 adults of the first brood immediately be- 

 gin egg laying upon the pods as did the 

 hibernating females in the field, but if 

 in storage bins or sacks the eggs are 

 laid upon the seed beans or in old bur- 

 rows. They thus continue to breed 

 throughout the entire summer and winter 

 if the weather is not too cold, many gen- 

 erations appearing each year. 



Distribution 



This insect is generally distributed 

 throughout the state, and is particularly 

 troublesome in the central and southern 

 counties where small beans are raised. 



Foods 



Nearly all varieties of beans are at- 

 tacked by this weevil, though the small 

 white and brown varieties are preferred. 

 Limas are not usually affected, but occa- 

 sionally they are attacked. Peas are also 

 included as a host. 



Control 



The first step in the control of this 

 pest is to harvest the beans just as soon 

 as possible, for those left in the fields 

 are sure to become largely infested. If 

 any of the insects are discovered the 

 beans should be thoroughly fumigated 

 with carbon bisulfid before they are 

 stored. If weevils appear in the bins or 

 sacks, fumigation should be resorted to 

 at once. 



E. O. EssiG 



Pig. 1. The Work of the Bean Weevil on 

 Small White and Lima Beans. (Original.) 



Bean Tlirips 



Heliothrips fasciatus Pergande 



General Appearance 



The adult insect is black with head 

 and thorax dark brown; antennae are 

 whitish with tips dark; legs are black 

 and yellow; front wings are blackish 

 with white base; posterior wings uni- 

 formly yellow with dark fringes. The 

 young stages are lighter in appearance 

 than the adult. 



Life History 



According to H. M. Russell, the insects 

 hibernate in the adult stage only, under 

 leaves, rubbish, etc. The eggs are in- 

 serted in the leaves or tender stems. The 

 young begin feeding soon after hatching. 

 When ready to pupate the larvae seek 

 shelter under rubbish or in the ground, 

 where the nymphal stage is completed 



Fig. 1. Bean Thrips. (Enlarged) 



— After Russell 



