652 



ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PRACTICAL HORTICULTURE 



and burrows downward in the pith. It 

 has a brown head and by fall is about 

 an inch long. 



Affected canes should be cut out and 

 burned, if in midsummer, below the 

 girdled tip: if in the autumn, at the 

 ground. 



Flea Louse. See Bramble-Flea Louse. 

 this section. 



Gouty-Gall Beetle 



Agrilus ruficoUis 



The young borers of this species com- 

 mence work in July and August. The 

 slender, round-headed larvae enter the 

 canes at the bases of the leaf stalks, and 

 from such points work around the canes 

 In long, spiral tunnels through the sap- 

 wood. Later in the season, the canes 

 swell over the eaten areas, forming en- 

 largements or galls which are very con- 

 spicuous when the leaves fall. The only 

 remedy is to prune out and burn the 

 galls containing the larvae, and since 

 galled canes will never prove of value, 

 they may be cut out whenever discov- 

 ered. Cut wild canes along roadsides and 

 in nearby woodlands and burn in the 

 fall of the year after the larvae have en- 

 tered them. H. A. Gossard. 



Wooster, Obio. 



Leaf Hopper. See under Apple. 



Otster Shell Scale. See under Apple. 



Pale Browx Btthurus. See Rasp- 

 berry. 



Pithy Gall and Seed-like Gall 



A large gall, two or three inches long, 

 sometimes found on blackberry canes, is 

 divided by four or five furrows into as 

 many longitudinal lobes. Within the gall 

 can be found small, footless, whitish 

 grubs, which, in the spring of the year, 

 transform to small, four-winged flies. The 

 insect is not very important, but the galls 

 should be pruned out and burned. This 

 formation is known as the pithy gall of 

 the blackberry, and the insect causing it 

 is Diastrophus nebulosiLs. 



A closely related gall of the blackberry 

 is known as the seed-like gall, and is 

 caused by Diastrophus cuscutaeformis. 

 much resembling the preceding species. 

 This is a composite gall, consisting of a 

 ring of single seed-like galls, the belt 



being an inch or an inch and one-half in 

 depth. Cut out and burn. 



H. A. Gossard, 

 Wooster, Ohio. 

 Raspberry Beetle. See under Rasp- 

 berry. 

 Raspberry Horx Tail. See Raspberry. 

 Reo Spider. See under Apple. 



The Hose Scale 



Aulacaspis rosae Bouche 



General Appearance 



The female scales are nearly circular 

 with very irregular edges and white to 

 gray in color with reddish body. The 

 diameter varies from one-sixteenth to 

 one-eighth of an inch. The male scales 

 are long and narrow, very minute, with 

 three longitudinal creases, or carinas, and 

 the bodies reddish white. 



Life History 



All stages of this scale occur practically 

 throughout the entire year, including the 

 eggs, and its spread is very rapid. The 

 females cluster in great numbers on the 

 canes of berries and roses, especially 

 around the crown of the roots. It is 

 especially abundant during the spring and 

 summer months. It attacks wild and 

 cultivated plants. 



Food Plants 



Blackberries, raspberries and roses. 

 Abundant on wild blackberries in the 

 Sacramento valley. 



Control 



As the eggs are present at practically 

 all seasons and are hard to kill, by either 

 spraying or fumigation, this is a some- 

 what difficult scale to control. The worst 

 infected canes should be cut out and 

 burned and the remaining sprayed suc- 

 cessively with kerosene, distillate or car- 

 bolic acid emulsion, or with lime-sulphur 

 when the plants are dormant in the win- 



'®''- E. O. Essie, 



San Jose Scale. See under Apple. 



Saw Fly 



Pa mphilius dent at u s 



A small green worm the larva of one 

 of the sawflies, feeds on the under side 

 of the leaves. 



