56 MASSACHUSETTS HORTICL'LTURAL SOCIETY. 



deaux mixture. The materials should be dissolved separately, 

 each being put into twenty-five gallons of water, then poured to- 

 gether into the spraying tank or barrel ; by this method of pouring 

 the diluted quantities together there is a perfect chemical combina- 

 tion made, which is effective as a fungous application. ]Many dis- 

 solve the lime and copper in smaller quantities of water, put the 

 two together in their concentrated form, and then pour the water 

 upon them. This is a mistake and is responsible for much of the 

 failure of the control of fungus among our trees. 



For insects arsenate of lead is one of the best materials to use; this 

 does not injure foliage and it adheres better than Paris green, while it 

 is equally as effective in killing insects. We use two pounds of 

 arsenate of lead to fifty gallons of Bordeaux mixture, and are add- 

 ing to this one-cjuarter of a pound of Paris green; a weaker solution 

 would be as good for the fruit insects, but there are such increasing 

 numbers of caterpillars that devour foliage that a stronger mixture 

 of the arsenate of lead with the Paris green is safer to use, as it will 

 protect the foliage from almost any class of caterpillars that come 

 over the trees. 



The adhering cjuality of arsenate of lead was forcibly illustrated 

 at Orchard Farm in the spraying of a large plantation of currants. 

 The currant worm appeared in great numbers very suddenly, upon 

 a Saturday, and it was necessary to spray this large plantation on 

 Saturday afternoon, as to leave the work over Sunday meant the 

 ruin of the foliage of the currant bushes. The spraying was done, 

 but in an hour there came up one of the heavy showers which com- 

 pletely drenched the foliage and it looked as though the entire work 

 would have to be done over again on Sunday morning; but, by 

 nine o'clock the worms began to show evidence of hanging down 

 from the leaves of the plants and by Monday morning they were 

 all upon the ground, dead, and the bushes uninjured; had we used 

 Paris green it would all have been washed off by that heavy shower. 



The first spraying of orchards should be done as soon as the 

 blossoms have fallen from the trees, and again in from ten to 

 twelve days; the spraying should be done promptly and with 

 great thoroughness, for the first fruit fonns quickly. The calyx 

 on some varieties closes very soon after the blossoms have fallen, 

 hence to save the fruit from the codling moth this work must be 



