the renovation of an old orchard. 63 



Discussion. 



In response to an inquiry Mr. Powell gave a formula for Bor- 

 deaux mixture as follows: three pounds of sulphate of copper 

 dissolved in twenty-five gallons of water; four pounds of slaked 

 lime dissolved in twenty-five gallons of water; then pour the two 

 compounds together, and in this diluted form it makes a perfect 

 chemical combination; now for insects add to the fifty gallons thus 

 made two pounds of arsenate of lead. He had found that six pounds 

 of sulphate of copper was too much. 



For a remedy for the San Jose scale many use twenty pounds of 

 flowers of sulphur and fifteen pounds of lime boiled in fifty gallons 

 of water. It must be applied hot. It is a troublesome thing to 

 handle but it is effective. Some other preparations are now being 

 used with fairly good results, and he recommended for small places 

 the use of "Scalecidc," a soluble oil. 



Lysander S. Richards inquired if the lecturer uses any fertilizer 

 in his orchard. i\Ir. Powell replied that he used no other fertilizer 

 than clover culture which he found answered every purpose and 

 that it met all the requirements of an old orchard thus far. 



Samuel H. Warren recommended in orchard cultivation the use 

 of the disc harrow instead of the plow thereby preventing damage 

 to the roots of apple trees. 



In reply to a question concerning the effect of extreme cold on the 

 San Jose scale the lecturer stated that cold weather did not appear 

 to have much effect on it, but naturally the scale increased more 

 in milder regions. 



In reference to a statement that the soil of New England was 

 exhausted Mr. Powell said that it was good for orcharding for a 

 thousand years to come. It has become the ideal orchard soil 

 through the disintegration of the rocky material so abundantly 

 scattered over it, a process which was continually going on, thus 

 making it valuable in the renewal of old orchards. 



Rev. C. L. Hutchins remarked that what the lecturer had said 

 about the future of New England orcharding was very encouraging 

 and in some points very discouraging. Referring to the matter of 

 insect pests he complained of the attitude of indifference shown by 

 manv farmers regardintj; it. He migrht clear his orchards of the 



