SHRUBS THAT ARE PERFECTLY HARDY. 75 



Hypericum kalmianum and H. 2^roliJicu'm, from Lake Superior, 

 :and H. aureiim, from Tennessee, are the best three and bloom 

 well during the latter part of the summer. 



Actinidia jwlygama^ a strong vine from Japan, has white 

 flowers and light green colored edible fruit about the size of a large 

 grape. 



Xanthoxylum Americanum (the toothache tree), and Ptelea 

 trifoUata have inconspicuous flowers but grand foliage, and the 

 fruit is somewhat ornamental. 



Of the Hollies which are hardy we have Ilex {Prinos) verticil- 

 lata, both red and 3'ellow fruited ; I. Icevigata, with early red 

 fruit, and I. glabra (Ink-berry), with evergreen leaves and black 

 fruit ; also Nemopanthes Canadensis, with rosy purple fruit. 



The species of Euonymus are all ornamental in fruit, but their 

 flowers, or most of them, are inconspicuous. E. atropurpureus is 

 an American species, with rich scarlet fruit. E. Americanus, var. 

 obovatus, is a low growing species, good for the covering of em- 

 bankments, or in other places where a low growing species is 

 required. Of E. Europceus there are many varieties, with white, 

 3'ellow, purple, and scarlet fruits, all of which are highly orna- 

 mental in the fall. E. verrucosus is a small shrub with warty 

 branches. E. nanus is excellent where a dwarf plant is requii'ed, 

 the autumn and winter foliage being of a rich brown, which makes 

 it very effective for winter work. E. alatus is a fine variety from 

 Japan, with winged bark. E. radicans and its variety are fine for 

 covering rocks or fences, clinging almost as well as ivy. 



Of the Bitter-sweets, Celastrus scandens, our native species, C. 

 2)U7ictatus, and C. paniculatus from Japan, all rapid growing climb- 

 ers and well suited to covering screens or unsightly objects, are 

 Tery ornamental in fruit (orange and scarlet) in autumn. 



Of the Buckthorns, Rhamnus alpinus is the most beautiful in 

 foliage ; R. catharticus is used as a hedge plant, and R. Fran- 

 gula is ornamental, on account of its continuous blooming, which 

 gives the plant a peculiar character, it being covered with flowers, 

 and green, red, and black fruit during the summer. 



Ceanothus ovatus, from Vermont, is a neat low shrub with white 

 flowers in June, and C. Americanus is a month later ; both are 

 valuable in dry soils. 



The diff'ereut species of wild grapes are of great value in cov- 

 ering up unsightly buildings and walls ; V. Labrusca, V. cesti- 



