PHYSIOLOGY. 59 



when it is all over more sensible, so that the slightest touch 

 gives uneasiness, which indeed is a frequent foundation of 

 restlessness. 



" ANXIETY or UNEASINESS. As this term has been referred 

 to the state of the mind, as well as to that of the body, it has oc- 

 casioned some confusion ; and, in order to distinguish it from 

 other feelings, I say that it is a feeling accompanying different 

 sensations of consciousness, which is not attended by any sense of 

 the mode of impression, nor referred to any small or single 

 limited part : thus it is referred to the head, the thorax, the abdo- 

 men, and the limbs in general ; but with no accurate limits. 

 This will clearly enough distinguish the present subject, only 

 we must remember natura non facit saltum; so that it may 

 be sometimes difficult to discern between pain, pruritus, and 

 uneasiness. It has been usual to join the idea of inquietude 

 and restlessness with uneasiness, as Gaubius also has done ; and 

 it is true that restlessness frequently attends uneasiness ; but I 

 say it is not always the case. 



" Gaubius has insinuated that anxiety as arising in the body, 

 is analogous to that arising in the mind from the fear of an 

 impending evil (Patholog. 682. 686.) ; as if the danger was the 

 foundation of the anxiety. This Stahlian notion is without 

 foundation. A sickness at stomach is often without any sense 

 of fear ; or if, when it is new and unusual, it gives~some fear, it 

 is corrected by experience ; and yet the sense of sickness re- 

 mains as much as before. It would disturb our whole system 

 to confound the anxiety in hypochondriacs, melancholies, and 

 maniacs, with other causes of anxiety. Let us take the exam- 

 ple of suffocation, which is the most favourable of any to Gau- 

 bius's doctrine. An infant, I believe, has no sense of fear ; 

 but every body, observing that people die for want of breath, 

 concludes that suffocation is a dangerous matter ; and it is no 

 wonder that people are affected with fear, on feeling any consi- 

 derable difficulty of breathing. There are asthmatics, however, 

 who bear such difficulty of breathing without fear, and even 

 with very little anxiety. 



" Anxiety therefore may be totally abstracted from a sense of 

 fear ; and the mental and corporeal causes are certainly to be 

 distinguished. We treat here of corporeal anxiety, and of the 



