308 PRACTICE OF PHYSIC. 



MXXXIX. The Hsematuria calculosa may be properly con- 

 sidered as a case of the Hoematuria violenta ; and therefore I 

 subjoin to that the other instances of haematuria from external 

 violence, such as that from external contusion on the region of 

 the kidney, and that from the violent or long continued exercise 

 of the muscles incumbent on the kidneys. An instance of the 

 latter cause occurs especially in riding. 



MXL. It may also be considered as a case of the hasmaturia 

 violenta, when the disease occurs in consequence of the taking 

 in of certain acrid substances, which pass again especially by 

 the urinary passages ; and, by inflaming and swelling the neck 

 of the bladder, bring on a rupture of the over-distended blood- 

 vessels, and give occasion to a bloody urine. The most noted 

 instance of this is in the effect of cantharides in a certain quan- 

 tity, any way introduced into the body. And possibly some 

 other acrids may have the same effect. 



MXLI. Beside these most frequent instances of hgematuria, 

 which cannot be considered as idiopathic haemorrhagies, there 

 are some other instances of haematuria mentioned by authors, 

 that are still however manifestly symptomatic ; such as a dis- 

 charge of blood from the urinary passages, in consequence of 

 a suppression of either the menstrual or haemorrhoidal flux. 

 These may be considered as analogous to the haematemesis 

 produced by the like causes ; and the several reflections made 

 above on that subject, will, I think, apply here, and particular- 

 ly the conclusions formed in MXXIV. Instances, however, of 

 either of these cases, and especially of the first, have been ex- 

 tremely rare. 



MXLII. Of such symptomatic hcematuria, there is however 

 one instance deserving notice ; and that is, when a suppression 

 of the haemorrhoidal flux, either by a communication of vessels, 

 or merely by the vicinity of parts, occasions a determination of 

 the blood into the vessels of the neck of the bladder, which, in 

 consequence of a rixis or anastomosis, pour out blood to be 

 voided either with or without the urine. This case is what has 

 been named the Haemorrhoides Vesicas ; and with some pro- 

 priety, when it is manifestly an evacuation vicarious of what had 

 before been usually made from the rectum. With respect to 



