HOME PROJECTS 371 



3. Make the cut smooth and close to the branch or trunk. 



4. Paint over the cut surface with white or red lead, or 

 with creosote solution. 



Spraying 1 . In this project four sprayings are recom- 

 mended : 



1. Spray the fruit trees before the buds open in the spring 

 with a concentrated lime-sulphur solution, one gallon to ten 

 or twelve of water. This spraying cleans the trees of scale 

 and of many fungous diseases. 



2. Spray again within a week after blossoms have fal- 

 len. Use this time a solution composed of one and one-fourth 

 gallons lime-sulphur, two and one-half pounds lead arsenate 

 in fifty gallons of water. This spraying controls the codling 

 moth, the leaf-eating insects, and such diseases as the apple 

 scab, rust, brown rots, etc. 



3. Spray the third time, using the same material, about 

 three weeks later. This spraying is effective against the cod- 

 ling moths as they are seeking the apple, other chewing in- 

 sects, and the diseases mentioned above. 



4. The fourth spraying should be done about the last of 

 July. Use lead arsenate, Bordeaux mixture (4 pounds cop- 

 per-sulphate, 4 pounds lime) with fifty gallons of water. This 

 spraying is to combat the second brood of codling moth, leaf- 

 eating insects, and plant diseases, especially the bitter rot. 



5. Use a good barrel spray pump and thoroughly spray 

 each tree. 



Grafting 1 . In connection with this project the student 

 should do some top grafting on his fruit trees. This work 

 should be done in the spring before the buds open. Select a 



