ii38 DIVISION OF LABOUH. 



merce and navigation in particular, how many ship-buil(ler;§, 

 sailors, sail-makers, rope-makers, must have been employed, 

 in order to bring together the different drugs made use of 

 by the dyer, which often come from the remotest corners of 

 the world ! What a variety of labour too is necessary in 

 order to produce the tools of those workmen ! To say no- 

 thing of such complicated machines as the ship of the sailor, 

 the mill of the fuller, or even the loom of the weaver, let us 

 consider only what a variety of labour is requisite to form that 

 very simple machine, the shears with which the shepherd 

 clips the wool. The miner, the builder of the furnace for 

 heating the ore, the burner of the charcoal to be made use 

 of in the smelting house, the brick-maker, the brick-layer, 

 the workmen who attend the furnace, the mill-wright, the 

 forger, the smith, must all of them join their different arts 

 in order to produce them. Were we to examine, in the same 

 manner, all the different parts of his dress and household 

 furniture, the different hands employed in preparing his food, 

 the glass window which lets in the heat and the light, and 

 keeps out the wind and the rain, with all the knowledge and 

 art requisite for preparing that beautiful and happy inven- 

 tion, together with the tools of all the different workmen 

 employed in producing those different conveniences ; if we 

 examine all these things, and consider what a variety of la- 

 bour is employed about each of them, we shall be sensible, 

 that without the assistance and co-operation of many thou- 

 sands, the very humblest person in a civilized country could 

 not be provided for, even according to what we falsely ima- 

 gine the easy and simple manner in which he is commonly 

 accommodated. Compared, indeed, with the more extrava- 

 gant luxury of the great, his accommodation must no doubt 

 appear extremely simple and easy ; and yet it may be true, 

 perhaps, that the accommodation of an European prince does 

 not always so much exceed that of an industrious and frugal 

 peasant, as the accommodation of the latter exceeds that of 

 many an African king, the absolute master of the lives and 

 liberties of ten thousand naked savages. 



