310 APPENDIX. 



species of Clover. 8. A Whorl ( Verticillus) is an assem- 

 blage of flowers surrounding the stem or its branches, as in 

 the Dead Nettle and Mint. 9. A Panicle bears the flowers 

 in a sort of loose subdivided bunch or cluster, without any 

 order, as in the Oat. 10. A Thyrse is a dense or close pani- 

 cle, more or less of an ovate figure, of which the Lilac is 

 an example. 



LESSON 92. 



FUwer and Fruit. The Calyx, Flower-cup, or Empale- 

 ment, as it is sometimes called, is divided into seven kinds. 1. 

 A Cup, {Perianthum) properly so called, as in the five green 

 leaves which encompass a Rose. 2. A Fence, {Involucrum) 

 as in the Hemlock or Carrot. 3. A Catkin (Amentum) as 

 in the Willow or Hazel. 4. A Sheath, (Spatha) as in 

 the Snow-drop or Narcissus. The Spatha sometimes en- 

 closes a Spadix, or elongated receptacle, as in Dragon-root. 

 In Indian corn, the spadix is enclosed by leaves or husks ; 

 in the Sweet Flag, it is naked. 5. A Husk, (Gluma) as in 

 oats, wheat, or grasses. 6. A Veil, or scaly sheath^ (Peri- 

 chaetium) as in some mosses. 7. A Cap, or Wi-apper, 

 {Volva) as in mushrooms. 



The seed-vessel [Pericarpium) is also divided into seven 

 kinds. 1. A Capsule, as in the poppy. 2. A Vodi, {Siliqua) 

 as in wall-flower and honesty. 3. A Legume, or Shell, as in 

 pea and broom. 4. Drupe, as in cherry and peach. 5. A 

 Berry, (Bacca) as in elder and gooseberry. 6. A Pome, as 

 in apple and pear. 7. A Cone, [Strobilus) as in fir and 

 pine. 



A Seed is composed of several parts. Embryo, or germ 

 called by Linnaeus Corculum, or little heart. The Cotyle- 

 dons or seed-lobes, immediately attached to the embryo. 

 Albumen, or the White, a farinaceous substance to nourish 

 the germinating embryo. The Yolk, ( Vitellus) less general 

 than the other parts already mentioned, but absorbed, like 

 the albumen, for the nourishment of the embryo. The 

 Skin ( Testa) contains all the parts of a seed above described, 

 giving them their due shape. The Scar, (Hilum) the point 

 by which the seed is attached to the seed-vessel, or recepta- 

 cle. The Pellicle, closely adhering to the outside of some 

 seeds, so as to conceal the proper colour and surface of their 



