THE LAND AND TARIFFS. 189 



abandonment of this Free Trade idea was in- 

 volved in the negotiations which followed the 

 new Japanese tariff. England as a Free Trade 

 country was refused special concessions under 

 that tariff. According to the Free Trade theory, 

 the loss was not to us, but to Japan. Yet we 

 used diplomatic pressure to enforce upon Japan 

 the concessions we might have otherwise gained 

 by a reciprocal tariff bargain. 



As a matter of real truth, the Free Trade 

 theory is obsolete. It was founded originally 

 on the idea that the example of one nation 

 adopting Free Trade would be followed by others, 

 and universal freedom of trade would allow of 

 a natural adjustment of industries throughout 

 the world to their best environment. The 

 example of one nation was not followed. Since 

 Great Britain adopted Free Trade, practically 

 every other nation in the world has designed a 

 system of ' scientific tariffs," which are de- 

 signed to use the resources of the community 

 as a whole to further the interests of the com- 

 munity's industries. Most significant of all, 

 three nations, adopting Protective methods, 

 have come to the front as great manufacturing 



