26 GROWTH OF PLANTS FROM BUDS. [lESSON 4. 



familiar illustrations (Fig. 54) ; but ?ome other trees with strong 

 terminal buds exhibit the same chaj'ucler (or a certain time, and 

 in a less marked degree. 



57. Latent Buds. Seme of the axillary buds grow the following 

 year into branches ; but a larger number do not (51). These do not 

 necessarily die. Often they survive in a latent state for some years, 

 visible on the surface of the branch, or are smaller and concealed 

 under the bark, resting on the surface of the wood : and when at 

 any time the other buds or branches happen to be killed, these older 

 latent buds grow to supply their place ; — as is often seen when the 

 foliage and young shoots of a tree are destroyed by insects. The 

 new shoots seen springing directly out of large stems may sometimes 

 originate from such latent buds, which have preserved their life for 

 years. But commonly these arise from 



58. Adventitious Buds. These are buds which certain shrubs and 

 trees produce anywhere on the surface of the wood, especially where 

 it has been injured. They give rise to the slender twigs which often 

 feather so beautifully the sides of great branches or trunks of our 

 American Elms. They sometimes form on the root, which naturally 

 is destitute of buds ; and they are sure to appear on the trunks and 

 roots of Willows, Poplars, and Chestnuts, when these are wounded 

 or mutilated. Indeed Osier-Willows are pollarded^ or cut oft", from 

 time to time, by the cultivator, for the purpose of producing a crop of 

 slender adventitious twigs, suitable for basket-work. Such branches, 

 being altogether irregular, of course interfere with the natural sym- 

 metry of the tree (50). Another cause of irregularity, in certain 

 trees and shrubs, is the formation of what are called 



59. Aecessory or Supernumerary Buds. There are cases where two, 



three, or more buds spring from the 



axil of a leaf, instead of the single 



one which is ordinarily found there. 



Sometimes they are placed one over 



the other, as in the Aristolochia or 



Pipe- Vine, and in the Tartarian 



Honeysuckle (Fig. 51); also in the 



51 Honey-Locust, and in the Walnut and 



Butternut (Fig. 52), where the upper superr.umerary bud is a good 



way out of the axil and above the others. And this is here stronger 



FIG. 51. Tartarian Honeysuckle, with three accessory buds in one axil. 



