ANALYSIS OF TIIK LESSONS. Xl 



ing. 434, Wliat the liviiif; parts of a tree arc; their annual renewal. 435. 

 Camliiiim-laycr or zone of growth in the stom ; conncctL-d with, 4.'3G. new root- 

 lets hciow, and new shoots, huils, and leaves ahove. 4:i7. Structure of a leaf; 

 its two parts, the woody and the eeUuhir, or, 438. tiie jjulj) ; tliis contains the green 

 mutter, or Chh»ro|ihyli. 439, 440. Arrangement of the cells of green pulp in the 

 leaf, and structure of its epidermis or skin. 441. Upper side only endures the 

 sunsliine. 442. Evajwration or exiialation of moisture from the leaves. 443. 

 Stomates or Breatliing-pores, tlieir structure and use. 444. Their numbers. 



LESSON XXVI. The Tlaxt in Action, doing the "Work 



OF Vegetation p. 1.57. 



446. The office of plants to produce food for animals. 447. Plants feed 

 upon earth and air. 449. Their chemical composition. 4r)0. Two sorts of 

 material. 451, 452. Tiic earthy or inorganic constituents. 453. The organic 

 constituents. 454. These form the Cellulose, or substance of vegetal)le tissue ; 

 composition of cellulose. 455. The plant's food, from which tliis is made. 



456. Water, furnishing hydrogen and oxygen. 458. Carbonic acid, furnishing, 



457. Carl)on. 459. The air, containing oxygen and nitrogen ; and also, 460. 

 Carbonic acid; 461. which is absorbed by the leaves, 462. aiul by tiic roots. 

 463. Water and carbonic acid the general food of plants. 464. Assimilation 

 tiie proper work of plants. 465. 'J'akes place in green parts alone, under the 

 light of the sun. 466-468. Lilierates oxygen gas and produces Cellulose or 

 plant-fabric. 469. Or else Starch ; its nature and use. 470. Or Sugar; its na- 

 ture, &c. Tlie transformations starch, sugar, &c. undergo. 471. Oils, acids, &c. 

 The fomiation of all these products restores oxygen gas to the air. 472. There- 

 fore plants purify the air for animals. 473. While at the same time they jiro- 

 duce all the food and fal)ric of animals. The latter take all their food ready made 

 from plants. 474. And decomjiosc starch, sugar, oil, &c., giving back their ma- 

 terials to the air again as the food of tiie plant ; at the same time producing ani- 

 mal heat. 475. But the fabric or flesh of animals (fibrine, gelatine, &c.) contains 

 nitrogen. 476. This is derived from plants in the form of Trotcine. Its nature 

 and how the plant forms it. 477. Earthy matters in the plant form the earthy 

 part of bones, &c. 478. Dependence of animals upon plants ; showing the great 

 oljject for which plants were created. 



LESSON XXVII. Pi.ant-Life p. isG. 



479. Life; manifested by its eflfects ; viz its power of transforming matter: 

 480. And by motion. 481, 482. Plants execute movements as well as animals. 

 483. Circulation in cells. 484. Free movements of the simplest plants in tlieir 

 forming state. 485. Absorption and conveyance of the sap. 486. Its rise into 

 the leaves. 487. Explained liy a mechanical law; Endosniose. 488. Set in ac- 

 tion by evaporation from the leaves. 489. Tiiese movements controlled by the 

 plant, which directs growth and shapes the fal)ric by an inheivnt power. 490- 

 492. Special movements of a conspicuous sort; .sueii as seen in the bending, 

 twining, revolving, and coiling of stems and tendrils ; in the so-called sleeping 

 and waking states of plauta ; iu aovcmcuUs from irriiution, and suitiutr spon- 

 taaoous motions. 



