VI ANALYSIS OF THE LESSONS. 



what it depends on: 51. how it becomes incomplete: 51-59. how varied, 

 53 Detinitc <:rowtli. 54. Indefinite gruwtii. 55. Deiiqiieseent or dissolving 

 stems, how formed. 56. E.xearrcnt stems of spire-shaped trees, iiow produced. 

 57. Latent Buds. 58. Adventitious Buds. 59. Accessory or supernumeraiy 

 Buds. GO. Sorts of Buds reeaoitulated and delined. 



LESSON V. MoRpnoLOGY of Roots p. 28. 



61 - 64. Morphology ; what the term means, and how applied in Botany. 65. 

 Primary Root, simple ; and, 66. multiple. 67. Rootlets ; how roots absorb : , 

 time for transplantation, &c. 68. Great amount of surface Avhich a plant 

 spreads out, in the air and in the soil ; reduced in winter, increased in spring. 

 69. Absorbing surface of roots increased by the root-hairs. 70. Fibrous roots 

 for absorption. 71. Thickened or fleshy roots as storehouse of food. 72, 73. 

 Their principal forms. 74. Biennial roots ; their cconom3\ 75. Perennial 

 thickened roots. 76. Potatoes, &c. are not roots. 77. Secondary Roots, their 

 economy. 78. Sometimes striking in open air, when they are, 79. Aerial Roots ; 

 illustrated in Indian Com, Mangrove, Screw Pine, Banyan, &c. 80. Aerial 

 Rootlets of Ivy. 81. Epiphytes or Air-Plants, illustrated. 82. Parasitic Plants, 

 illustrated by the Mistletoe, Dodder, &c. 



LESSON VI. Morphology of Stems and Branches. ... p. 36. 



83 - 85. Ponns of stems and branches above ground. 86. Their direction or 

 habit of growth. 87. Culm, Candex, &c. 88. Suckers : propagation of ]>lants 

 by division. 89. Stolons : propagation by layering or laying. 90. Offsets. 

 91. Runners. 92. Tendrils; how plants climb by them : their disk-like tips in 

 the Virginia Creeper. 93. Tendrils are sometimes forms of leaves. 94. Spines 

 or Thorns ; their nature : Prickles. 95. Strange forms of stems. 96. Subter- 

 ranean stems and branches. 97. The Rootstock or Rhizoma, Avliy stem and 

 not root. 98. Why running rootstocks are so troublesome, and so hard to de- 

 stroy. 99-101. Tiiickcned rootstocks, as depositories of food. 102. Their 

 life and growth. 103. The Tuber. 104. Economy of the Potato-plant. 105. 

 Gradations of tubers into, 106. Corms or solid bulbs : the nature and economy 

 of these, as in Crocus. 107. Gradation of these into, 108. the Bulb : nature of 

 bulbs. 109,110. Their economy. 111. Their two principal sorts. 1J2. Bulb- 

 lets. 113. How the foregoing sorts of stems illustrate what is meant by mor- 

 phology. 114. They are imitated in some plants above ground. 115. Consoli- 

 dated forms of vegetation, illustrated by Cactuses, &c. 116. Their economy 

 and adaptation to dry regions. 



LESSON VII. Morphology of Leaves P- 49. 



117. Remarkable .states of leaves already noticed. 118, 119. Foliage the 

 natural form of leaves : others arc special fonns, or transformations ; why so 

 called. 120. Leaves as depositories of food, especially the seed-leaves ; and, 121. 

 As Bullvscalcs. 122. Leaves as Bud-scales. 123. As Spines. 124. As Ten- 

 drils. 125. AsPitchens. 126. As Fly-traps. 127- 129. The same leaf ser\'ing 

 various purposes. 



