LESSON 17.] 



TIIKIR STUICII'UK AM) PARTS. 



113 



the filament may be of any shape ; hut it is coinninnly thread-like, 

 as in Fifi. 231, 234, kc 



2IU. The Allllirr is the essential part of the ptamen. 

 It is u sort of ease, filled with a fine ])Owder, called 

 Pollen, which serves to tlTlili/.e tiie ])i>lil, >o that it 

 may perfect seeds. The anther may be c<in>ideied, 

 first, as to 



292. Its AUncllincnt to the filament. Of this there are 

 three ways; namely, (he anther is 



Innate (as in Fig. 2.'32), when it is attached by its base to the 

 very apex of the filament, turning neither inwards nor outwards; or 

 Aclnafe (as in Fig. 2.'3;3), when at- 

 taelied by one fiiee, usually for its 

 whole length, to the side of the fila- 

 ment •, and 



Versatile (as in Fig. 234), when fi.xed 

 by its middle only to the very point of 

 the filament, so as to swing loosely, as 

 we see it in the Lily, in Grasses, &e. 

 2'.I3. In botli the last-named cases, 

 231 the anther either looks inwards or out- 



■n it is turned inwards, or is iixed to that side of the 

 filament which looks towards the pistil or centre of the flower, the 

 anther is incumbent or introrse, as in Magnolia and the Water-Lily. 

 When turned outwards, or fixed to the outer side of the filament, it is 

 extrorsc, as in the Tulip-tree. 



294. lis Slnifllirr, <fce. There are few cases in which the stamen 

 bears any resemblance to a leaf. Nevertheless, the botanist's idea of 

 a stamen is, that it answers to a leaf developed in a peculiar form 

 and for a special purpose. In the filament he-Sees the stalk of the 

 leaf; in the anther, the blade. The blade of a leaf consists of two 

 similar sides ; so the anther consists of two lobes or cells, one answer- 

 ing to the left, the other to the right, side of the I)hide. The two h>bes 

 are often connected by a prolongation of the lilament, which answei*3 

 to the midrib of a leaf- this is called the connective. It is very con- 

 spicuous in Fig. 232, where the connective is so broad that it separates 

 th<; two cells oithe anther to some di.-taiice from each other. 



wards. AV 



Ftn. 231. A sl.iinon : n, (llniiioiil ; A, .-iiillier disrlinrciiii; polloii. 



FKJ. 233. ^tnnirii of Is(i|i) riirii, Willi iiiii.tlo nnllicr. iiUI. Of Tiili|>-trt<e, witli .idn.itoC.iiid 

 •xtmrxc) aiiljicr- 23A Ut Bvcnini! Priiiiroso, willi Turnatilo aiillier. 



10* 



