78 VIOLACEVE. (violet FAMILY.) 



5. V. pallistris, L. (MAnsii V.) Smooth; leaves round-heart-shaped 

 and kidni'v-lonn, slightly crcnatc ; flowers (small) pale lilae with purple streaks, 

 nearly beardless; s/inr venj short and obtuse. — Alpine summits of the White 

 Mountains, New Hampshire, and hi>;h northward. June. (Eu.) 



6. V. Selkirkii, Pursh, Goldie, \S-2-l. (GuKAT-si'i-KKED V.) Small and 

 delicate ; the fililorm lootstock filjrose-rooted, no runners above ground ; smooth, 

 c.\ccj)t the round-heart-shaped erenate leaves, Avhich are minutely hairy on the 

 upper surface and have a deep narrowed sinus ; spur vrnj Imije, thickened at the 

 end, almost as lonjr as the beardless pale violet petals. (V. umbrosn, Frus, 1828. 

 V. Kamtsehatiea, Gingins, 1826.) — Damp and shady soil, W. Massachusetts to 

 Chatauque Co., N. Y. (Clinton), L. Superior (llobhins), and northward : rare. — 

 Scapes and petioles l'-2', the leaf ^'- 1^' long, thin ; the spur 3" long. (Eu.) 



* * « * Flowers violet or purple (or rarely almost wltite) : root stocks Jleshij andthick- 

 ewd or tuberous, mostly erect or uscendimj, piodacinij neither runners nor runner- 

 like subterranean branches. 



7. V. CUCuU^ta, Ait. (Common Blue V.) Rootstocks thickly dentate 

 with fleshy teeth, brancliin;;- and forming compact masses; leaves all lony-petioled 

 and upright, heart-shaped with a broad sinus, varying to kidney-shaped and dilated- 

 triangular, smooth, or more or less pubescent, the sides at the base rolled in- 

 wards when young, obtusely serrate; lateral and often the lower petals bearded; 

 spur short an<l thick; stigma slightly beaked or beaklcss. — Low grounds, com- 

 mon everywhere. — Very variable in size, shape of leaves and sepals, and in the 

 color and size of the flowers, which are deep or pale violet-blue or purple, some- 

 times nearly white, or variegated with white. Scapes 3'- 10' high. Passes by 

 intermediate forms of all sorts into 



Var. palmata. (Haxd-leai- Y.) Leaves V(iriousIi/^3- 7 -clrfl or parted, or 

 the earlier ones entire on the same individaal. (V. palmata,/,.) — Common, 

 especially southward. 



Var. cordata. Leaves chiefly round-heart-shaped and prostrate, sometimes 

 villous, sometimes nearly glabrous, small. (V. villosa and V. cordata, Wall. 

 V. soivria, Wilkl.) — Common southward; a variety growing in drier soil or 

 more exposed situations. 



8. V. sagittata, Ait. (Arrow-leaved V.) Smooth ish or hairy ; leaves 

 on shoi-t and margined, or the later often on long and naked petioles, varying from 

 oblong-h( art-shaped to halberd -shaped, arrow-shaped, ohlong-lanctolute or ovate, denticu- 

 late, sometimes eut-toothed near the ba.se, the lateral or oceasiomilly all the 

 (pretty large purple blue) petals bearded ; spur short and thick ; stigma beaked. 

 (V. ovata, Nnlt., and V. emarginata, Le Conte, arc states of this variable spe- 

 cies.) — Dry or moist open places, New England to Illinois and southward. — 

 Eootstock nearly as in the preceding, into which some forms .«cem to pass. 



9. V. delphinifblia, Nutt. (Larkspur V.) Dares all pahmitdy or pe- 

 dateJji :■>-', -]>iuti(l, divisions 2 -3-cleft; lobes linear; lateral petals bt-ardtd ; stigma 

 short-beaked; (itlurwisc like the next. — Kich prairies, Illinois and westward. 



10. V. pedata, L. (Bikd-foot V.) Nearly smooth ; rootstoek short and 

 very thick, erect, not scaly; leaves all 3-5-dividtd, or the earliest only i)arted, 

 the lateral divisions 2-3-partcd, all linear or narrowly spatulate, sometimes 2 - 



