VIOLACE^,. (VIOLKT FAMILY.) 79 



3-toothc(l or cut at the apex ; petals brard/ess ; stifrma nearly boaklc.ss. — Sandy 

 or gravelly soil, New Enjrlaml to Illinois and .southward. — Flower lar};c, 1' 

 broad, pale or deep lilac-purjilc or blue. 



Var. bicolor. A \ci-\ handsome variety, with the two upjjcr petals deep 

 violet, and a.s it were velvety, like a pansy, occurs sparingly from Massachusetts 

 to Maryland, &e. 

 § 2. Le.vky-stf.mmed Violets : all but the last perennial from short rootstorls. 



* Laif-bmriwj Jrom baxc to summit, usiialli/ brunchiiKj and jloinring all sunim r : 



stipules entire or bareli/ tootlud, not Jhliarcous. 



11. V. canina, L., var. sylv6striS, Re-el. (Dog V.) Low (.3'-8' high) ; 

 stems ascending;, mostly simple, irom the base at length producing creeping 

 branches ; leaves heart-shaped, or the lowest kidney -form, crenate, the uppermost 

 slightly pointed ; stipules lanceolate, fringe-toothed ; spur ciflindricu/, half the 

 length of the light vioUt petals, the lateral ones slightly bearded ; stigma beaked. 

 (V. sylvestris. Dim. V. Muhlenbergii, Torr., and former ed.) — Damp or wet 

 shady ))laees : common. May -July. (Eu.) 



12. V. rostr^ta, Pursh. (Loxg-spurked V.) Stems ascending (3' -6' 

 high); leaves roundi.^ji heart-shaped, serrate, the upper acute; sti])ules lance- 

 olate, fringcd-tootiied, large ; spur slender (^' long), lunger than the pule violet beard- 

 less petals; style straight and slender; stigma terminal, beakless. — Shaded hill- 

 sides, IMaine to Ohio and Kentucky, and southwards in the Alleghanics : rather 

 rare. June, July. 



1.'3. V. Striata, Ait. (Pale V.) Stems anguhir, ascending (C- 10' higl') ; 

 leaves heartshii|)ed, finely serrate, often acute ; stipules oblong-lanceolate, la;-ge, 

 strongly fringedtoothed ; spur thIcLish, much shoiier than the crenm-cnlored or ivliite 

 petals, the lateral ones bearded, the lower striped with purplish lines ; stigma 

 beaked. — Low grounds; common, especially westward. A])ril-Oct. 



14. V. Canadensis, L. (C.\.nada V.) Upright (l°-2° high); leaves 

 heart-shaped, pointed, serrate; stipules orate-lanreolate, entire; petals white or 

 whitish inside, the upper ones mostly tinged with violet beneath, the lateral 

 bearded; spur rerg shoii ; stigma beakless. — Kich woods; common northward 

 and along the Alleghanics. May -Aug. 



* * Simple stems erect, naked beloiv, 2 - 4-leaved above : stipules nearlg entire : fiow- 



<rs yellow, in spring and early summer: stigma bearded on each side. 



15. V. pubesc6ns, Ait. (Downy Yellow V.) Softly pubescent (C - 

 12' high); lenrrs very broadly heart-shaped, toothQ(\, somewhat pointed ; stipules 

 ovate or ovate-laneeolate, large; spur extremely short; lower petals veined with 

 purple. — Woods : common. 



Var. eriocarpa, Nutt. More pubescent, stout, l°-2°high; pods woolly. 

 (V. eriocarpa, Srhirrin.) — Common westward. 



Var. scabriuscula, Ton-. & (iray. Smaller and greener, slightly pubes- 

 cent ; stems often decumlimt ( f- 10' high). — Rhode Isbind to Kentucky. 



16. V. hast^ta, Miihx. (Halhehd-leaved V.) Nearly glabrous, slen- 

 der (4' -10' high); stem-leaves hulberd-shripcd or oblong-heart-shaped, slightly 

 serrate, acute ; stipules ovate, small ; spur very short. — Woods, N. Ohio (near 

 Paincsville, Miss Sliattuck), mountains of Penn., and southward : rare. 



