UMIIKLI.IFKR/E. (PAUSLEY FAMILY.) 191 



1. E. yucC8ef61ium, Miclix. (Rattlesnake-Mastks. Button Snakk- 

 ROOT.) Iawcs liru'iu", tapcr-pointi'd, ri<;id, rfniss-likr, nerved, bristi ji-fi imjrd ; leaf- 

 lets of the involiicio mostly entire and sliorter than tlie liiads ; root jjereniiial. 

 (E. aquaticuin, L., in part, but never acjuatic.) — Dry or dani]) pine-barrens or 

 prairies, New Jersey to Wisconsin, and soutliward. July, An{f. 



2. E. Virgini^UUm, Lain. Lmvcs linear-lanceolate, serrate with hooked 

 or somnchtU ^/linij tdth, veiny; leaflets of the involucre cleft or spiny-toothed, 

 lonj^er than the cyniose whitish or bluish heads ; root biennial. — Swamps, New 

 Jersey and southward near the coast. July. 



5. DAtrCUS, Touni. Cakhot. 



Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla irrej^ular. Fruit ovoid or oblong; the carpels 

 scarcely flattened on the back, with b primary slender bristly ribs, two of them 

 on the inner face, also with 4 equal and more or less winged secondary ones, 

 each hearing a single row of slender bristly prickles : an oil-tube under each of 

 these ribs. — Biennials, with finely 2 -3-])innate or pinnatifid leaves, cleft invo- 

 lucres, and concave umbels, dense in fruit, ('riic ancient (Ireek name.) 



1. D. Cakota, L. (Common Caruot.) Stem bristly ; involucre pinnati- 

 fid, equalling the umbel. — Spontaneous in old fields. July- Sept. — Flowers 

 white or cream-color, the central one of each umbellet abortive and dark-purple. 

 Umbel in fruit dense and concave, resembling a bird's nest. (Adv. from Eu.) 



6. POLYT^NIA, DC Polyt^nia. 



Calyx .5-toothed. Fruit oval, very flat, with an entire broad and thick corky 

 margin, the impressed back very obscurely ribbed : oil-tubes 2 in each interval, 

 and many in the corky margin. — A smooth herb (2°-3° high), resembling a 

 Parsni]), with twice-])innate leaves, the uppermost opposite and 3-cleft, no invo- 

 lucres, bristly involucels, and bright yellow flowers. (Name from ttoXvs, many, 

 and Taiv'uiy a jilld, alluding to the numerous oil-tubes.) 



1. P. Nuttallii, DC. — Barrens, Michigan, Wisconsin, and southwcstward. 

 May. 



7. HERACLEUM, L. Cow-Parsnip. 



Calyx-teeth minute. Fruit as in Pastinaca, but the oil-tubes shorter than the 

 carpels (reaching from the summit to the middle). Petals (white) inversely 

 heart-shaiH^d, those of the outer flowers commonly larger and radiant, apjxiaring 

 2-cleft. — Stout iKM-ennials, with broad sheathing petioles and large flat umbels. 

 Involucre deciduous : involucels many-leaved. (Dedicated to Hercules.) 



1. H. lanMura, Michx. Woolly; stem grooved; leaves 1 -2-ternately 

 compound; leallets somewhat heart-shaped; fruit obovate or orbicular. — Moist 

 rich ground : most common northward. June. — A very large, strong-scented 

 plant, 4*^-8° high, in some places wrongly called Masterwort. 



8. PASTINACA, Tourn. Par,snip. 



Calyx-teeth obsolete. Fruit oval, flat, with a thin single-winged margin ; the 

 carpels minutely 5-ribbcd ; three of the ribs equidistant on the back, the lateral 



