CORNACEJE. (dogwood FAMILT.) 199 



§ 1. ARALJA, L. Floioers mon(ccioushj poli/rfomoiis or perfect, the umheh tisitalltf 

 ill coi 1/ litis or iHinicles : sli/lisuiid cells of lite (hUtck or duik purple) fruit 5 : stents 

 herbaceous or ivooilj : ultimate dicisioiis of the leaves pinnate. 



* Umbels very numeious in a lanje compound /xinicle : leaves vtrij Inrt/e, quinattly or 

 pinnately di compound. 



1. A. spin6sa, L. (Angelica-tkke. Herctles' Cluu.) Shrub, or a 

 low tree; the stout stem and slnlks prickly ; leaflets ovate, pointed, serrate, ))alc 1)C- 

 neath. — River-banks, Pennsylvania to Keutueky and southward: common in 

 cultivation. July, Auj;ust. 



2. A. I'acem6sa, L. (Spikenard.) Herbaceous; stem widely branched; 

 leaflets heaii-orate, pointed, doubly serrate, sligiitly downy; umbels racemose; 

 styles united. — Rich woodlands. July. — Well known for its spicy-aromatic 

 large roots. There are traces of stipules at the dilated base of the leafstalks. 



* * I 'iiilirls 2-7, corymbed : stem short, somewhat woody. 



3. A. hispida, Michx. (Bristly Sarsaparilla. Wild Elder.) Stem 

 (l°-2° high), bristly, leafy, terminating in a peduncle bearing several umbels; 

 leaves twice pinnate; leaflets oblong-ovate, acute, cut-serrate. — Rocky places: 

 common northward, and southward along the mountains. June. 



4. A. nudicaulis, L. (Wild Sarsaparilla.) Stem scarcely rising out 

 of the (/round, snioulh, bearimj a siiiyle lony-stalked leaf and a shorter naked scape, with 

 2-7 umbels; leaflets oblong-ovate or oval, pointed, serrate, 5 on each of the 3 

 divisions. — Moist woodlands; with the same range as A"o. 3. May, June. — 

 The aromatic horizontal roots, which are several feet long, arc employed as a 

 substitute for the officinal Sarsaparilla. Leafstalk 1° high, 



§ 2. GINSEXG, Decaisnc & Tlanchon. (Panax, L.) Floweis dinciously poly- 

 giimous : styles and cells of the (red or reddish) fuit 2 or 3: stem herbaceous, low, 

 simple, Imiring at its summit a ivhorl of 3 jialmately 3 - Ifoliolate leaves (or per- 

 haps reilher a single and sessile twice-eonijjound leaf), and a single umbel on a 

 sleiid( r nak- d vedunrle. 



5. A. quinquef61ia. (Ginsexc:.) Hoot large ar.d spindle-shaped, often 

 forked (4' -9' long, aromatic); stem 1° high; hafl<ts long-stnlked, mostly 5, 

 large and thin, obovatc-oblong, pointed ; styles mostly 2 ; fruit bright rid. (Pa- 

 niux quinqucfoliinn, L.) —Rich and cool woods: becoming rare. July. 



6. A. trifblia. (Dwauk Cinsexo. Gi!orxD-NUT.) "Root or tuber ghibnlnr, 

 deep in the ground (|)ungent to the taste, not aromatic) ; stems 4' - 8' high ; leaf- 

 lets 3 -b, sessile at the summit of the leafstalk, narrowly oblong, obtuse ; styles 

 usually 3 ; fmit yellowish. — Rich woods : common northward. April, May. 



IliDERA HfcLix, the European Ivy, is almost the only other representative 

 of this family in the northern temperate zone. 



OiJDKU 48. CORW.iCE.E. (Do(;\vo(.i> Family.) 



SJiruhx or trees (rarely herhacenus). with opposite or allenm'e simple leaves^ 

 thr ralyr-fuhr roherrni with the 1 - 2-celled ovary, jV.s- limb minute, the petals 

 (valcate in the hud) and as many stamens home on the margin of an epigy- 

 tious dink in the perfect flowers ; style one ; a single anatropous ovule hang- 



