200 CORXACE^. (dogwood family.) 



inrj from the top nf the cell ; the fruit a l-2-needed drupe; embryo nearly 

 the length of the albumen, tcilh larr/e and foliaceoux cotyledons. — A small 

 family represented by Cornus, and by a partly apetalous genus, Nyssa. 

 (Bark, bitter and tonic.) 



1. CORNUS, Tourn. Corvel. Dogwood. 



Flowers perfect (or in some foreign species dioecious). Calyx minutely 4- 

 toothed. Petals 4, oblong, spreading. Stamens 4 : filaments slender. Style 

 slender : stigma terminal, flat or cai)itate. Drupe small, with a 2-cellcd and 2- 

 seedcd stone. — Leaves opposite (excei)t in one species), entire. Flowers small, 

 in open naked cymes, or in close heads which are surrounded by a corolla-like 

 involucre. (Name from cornu, a horn ; alluding to the hardness of the wood.) 

 § 1. Flowers (/reenlsh, in a head or close cluster, ichich is surrounded by a larye and 

 shoivy, 4-leuvtd, corolla-like, white or rarely pinkish involucre : fruit bright red. 



1. C. Canadensis, L. (Dwarf Cornel. Bunch-berry.) Stems low 

 and siinjile (o'- 7' liigli) from a slender creeping and subterranean rather woody 

 trunk ; leaves se;irccly petioled, the lower scale-like, the upper crowded into an 

 apj)arent whorl in sixes or fours, ovate or oval, pointed ; haves of the involucre 

 ovate; fruit globular. — Damp cold woods : common northward. June. 



2. C. florida, L. (Flowering Dogwood.) Leaves ovate, pointed, 

 acutish at the base; haves of the involucre inveisely heart-shaped or notched (1^' 

 long);//u(< oval. — Rocky woods: more common southward. Maj, June. — 

 Tree 12° -30° high, very showy in flower, scarcely less so in fruit. 



§ 2. Flowers ichite, in open and fat spreading cymes : involucre none : fruit sjiherical. 

 * Leaves all opposite : shrubs. 



3. C. circinata, L'Hcr. (Round-leaved Cornel or Dogwood.) 

 Branches greenish, warty-dotted ; leaves round-oval , abruptly pointed, woolly beneath 

 (2' -5' broad); cymes ^nt; fruit light blue. — Copses; in rich soil. June. — 

 Shrub 6°- 10° high. Leaves larger than in any other species. 



4. C. sericea. L. (Silky Cornel. Kinnikinnik.) Branche.<> purplish ; 

 the branchlets, stalks, and lower surface of the narrowly orate or elliptiad. pointed haves 

 silhy-dou-ny (often rusty), pale and dull ; cymes flat, close ; calyx-teeth lanceolate ; 

 fruit jinle blue. — Wet places : common. June. — Shrub 3° - 10° high. 



5. C. Stolonifera, Michx. (Red-osier Dogavood.) Branches, especially 

 the osier-like anmud shoots, bright red-ptirj)le, smooth ; leaves ovate, rounded at the 

 base, abruptly short-pointed, roughish with a minute close pubescence on both 

 sides, ichitish underneath ; cymes small and flat, rather few-flowered, smooth ; /noY 

 white or Icad-rolor. — Wet places: common, especially northward. Multiplies 

 freely by prostrate or sul)tcrranean suckers, and forms broad clumps, 3° -6° 

 high. June. 



6. C. asperif61ia, Michx. (Rough-leaved Dogwood.) Branches 

 broivnish; the branchlets, ^c. rough-pubescent ; leaves oblong or otate, on very short 

 petioles, pointed, rough with a harsh pubescence altove, aiul downy Iteneath ; calyx- 

 teeth minute. — Dry or sandy soil, Illinois and southward. May, June. 



7. C. stricta. Lam. (Stiff Cornel.) Branches brownish or reddish, 

 smooth ; leaves ovale or ovate-lanceolate, taper-pointed, acutish at the base, glabrous, 



