208 RUBiACE^:. (maddeu family.) 



Order 50. BUBIACE.E. (Maddkr Family.) 



Shrubs or kerbs, with opposite entire leaves connected by interposed stipules, 

 or in whorls without apparent stipules, the calyx coherent icith the 2 - 4-cclled 

 ovary, the stamens as many as the lubes of the rerjular corolla (3-5), and 

 inserted on its tube. — Flowers perfect, but often diinorplious (as in Mitch- 

 ella and Houstonia). Fruit various. Seeds anatropous or anipliitropous. 

 Embryo conimouly pretty laro;e, in copious hard albumen. — A very large 

 family, the greater part, and all its most important plants (such as the 

 Coffee and Peruvian-Bark trees) tropical ; not sulHciently represented in 

 our district to render it worth while to note the tribes and the larger 

 systematic divisions. 



I. STELLATE. Leaves in whorls : no apparent stipules. 



1. Galium. Corolla wlieel-shaped, 4- (or rarely 3-) partciL Calyx-tettli obsolete. Fruit 



twill, separating into 2 indehiscent one-seeded carpels. 



II. CINCHONE-tE, &c. Leaves rarely in whorls, with stipules. 



* Ovules and seeds solitary in each cell. 

 ■*- Flowers axillary, separate. Fruit dry when ripe. Herbs. 



2. Spcrmacoce. Corolla funnel-form or salver-form -. lobes 4 Fruit separating when ripe 



into 2 carpels, one or both of them opening. 



3. Diodia. i'ruit separating into 2 or 3 closed and indehiscent carpels : otherwise as No. 2. 



— — Flowers in a close and globose long-peduncled head. Fruit di-y. Shrubs. 



4. Cephalaitthua. Corolla tubular : lobes 4 Fruit inversely pyramidal, 2- 4-seeded. 



.^ *- — Flowers twin; their ovaries united into one. Fruit a 2-eyeJ berry. 



6. Mitcliella. Corolla funnel-form ; its lobes 4. — A creeping herb. 



* « Ovules and seeds many or several in each cell of IIk' (loculicidal) pod. 

 6 01<leiilun(lia. Corolla wheel-shaped in our species, 4-lobfJ. Si;ods very numerous 

 and minute, angular. 



7. Houstonia. Corolla salver-form or funnel-form, 4-lubed. Seeds rather few, thimble- 



shai)ed or saucer-shaped. 



1. GALIUM, L. Bedstuaw. Cleavers. 



Calyx-tcctli obsolete. Corolla 4-partcd, rarely 3-parted, wheel-shaped, valvatc 

 in the bud. Stamens 4, rarely 3, short. Styles 2. Fruit dry or flesliy, globu- 

 lar, twin, separating when ripe into the 2 seed-like, indehi.scent, 1 -seeded carpels. 

 — Slender herbs, with small eymosc flowers (produced in summer), square stems, 

 and whorled leaves : the roots often containing a red coloring matter. (Name 

 from ydXa, milk, which some species are used to curdle.) 



* Annual: haves ahout 8 in a irhnri : peduncles 1 - '2- flowered , a.rillari/. 

 1. G. Aparlne, f-^ (rr.i:.\vi;i!s. Goose-Grass.) Stem weak and re- 

 clining, bristle-])riekly backwards, liairy at the joints ; leaves lanceolate, tay)ering 

 to the base, short-pointed, rough on the margins and midrib (l'-2' long) ; flow- 

 ers white ; fruit (kirrje) hristhj iritk hooked prickles. — Moist thickets. Doubtful 

 if truly indigenous in our district. (I-u.) 



* * Perennial, ascendintj ; If ares 4 -G or S in a whorl, with prominent midriti, hut 

 no lateral nerves : flow rs white, few or numerous, on slender pedicels : fruit smooth. 



