RUBIACE.t. (madder FAMILY.) 209 



1- Flovns very abundant, the small clusters or ci/nies jxinkUd on the branches. 



2. G. Moi.Lt'GO, L. Stems (l°-3° long) very smooth; liuves mostly in 

 whorls of 8, oblanccoliite or obloii};-linear, biurly rough on tlie margins, slen- 

 der-pointed ; flowers forming a lomj punkie. — Washington Heights, near New 

 York, ir. W.lhnslow. (A.lv. ^om Eu.) 



.J. G. aspr611um, Miilix. (ixoicai Bkdstraav.) Sttm weak, nuuli 

 branehed, ronijh lidcLuards inth liouhd prickles, leaning on bushes (3° - 5° high); 

 leans in u-horlso/6, or 4-5 on the brumhlets, oval-luuceulate, jiointed, with almost 

 priekh- margins and midrib; peduneles short, 2-3 times forked. — Low thick- 

 ets : eoninioM nortliward. 



4. G. COncinnum, Torr. & Gr. Stems low and slender (C - 12' high), 

 with minutely roughened angles; leaces all in whorls of 6, linear, sliyhtlij jminltd, 

 vcinless, the margins upwardly roughened; peduncles slender, 2-3 times forked, 

 diffusely panielcd at the summit ; pedicels short. — Dry ground, Pennsylvania 

 from the Susquehanna, to Virginia, Michigan, Illinois, and Kentucky. — Leaves 

 not blackening in drying. 



■t- t- Flowers ftic, lalend or lerminatiny the branches, not panirled. 



5. G. trifidum, L, (Small Blustk.vw.) Stems weak, ascending (5'- 

 20' high), branching, mostly roughened backwards on the angles; leaves in 

 whorls of 4 to G, linear or oblanceolate, obtuse, the margins and midrib rough; 

 corolla-lobes and stamens often only 3. — Var. 1. prsfLLUM : stems rather 

 simple, 5' -8' high, nearly smooth; leaves only 3" -4" long, all in fours, soon 

 i*eflcxed; peduncles 1 -3-flowered. (In deep sphagnous swamps, northward.) 

 Var. 2. TiNCToKiUM : stem taller and stouter, and with nearly smooth angles; 

 peduncles 3 -"-flowered, the corolla-lobes and stamens 4. Var. 3. latifof.iim 

 ( G. obtusum, Biytl. ) : stem smooth and widely i)ranchcd ; leaves oblong or ellip- 

 tical, quite rough on the midrib and margins. — Swamps: connnfn, and very 

 variai)le. (Eu.) 



* * * Perennial, procumbent : leaves 6 or rarely .5 in a whorl, with prominent midrib 

 and no bthral nerces : flowers greenish : fruit bur-like, beset with hooked bristles. 



6. G. triflbrum, Michx. (Sweet-sckxtkd Bedstkaw.) Stem (l°- 

 3° long) bristly -roughened backwards on the angles; leaves elliptical-lanceolate, 

 bristle-jwinted, with slightly roughened margins (l'-2' long) ; peduncles 3-How- 

 ered, the flowers all i)ediccllcd. — Kich wootllands : common. — Sweet-scented 

 in drying. (Eu.) 



« « « * Perennial, uscendinr) or npriyht : leaves all in fours, more or lets 3-ncrved : 



jKdiincles loosely or remotely 3 - several-flowered : corolla dull-purple, brownish, or 



rarely cream-color ; the lobes pointed or bristle-tipped : fruit, except in No. 10, 



bur-like, Ix'sH icith hooked bristles. 



1. G. pildsum, Ait. //«/>(/ ,-/«Jirsorfj/, (lotted, hairy (1' long), .vni/n/^ 3- 



nerred ; jiidnnclis twice or thrice 2 - 3-forki d, thf flowi-rs all judicelkd. — Dry C»)|)Ses, 



Rhode Island and Vermont to Illinois and southward. — Var. PfxCTicLi.68iM 



is a nearly smooth Inrm ((i. punciic iilosuni. Mirhr.): Virginia and southward. 



8. G. Circoezans, Michx. (Wild Lh-ioimce.) Snumth or downy (1° 



high) ; leavei oval, varying to ovate-oblong, mostly ol>tuse, ^-nerrid, cili.ifi' (!'- li' 



long) ; peduncles usually oncefvrkid, the branches elonyated and widely diverging in 



L & M— 29 



