210 RUBIACE^. (madder FAMILY.) 



fruit, bearing several remote flowers on veri/ short latciol pedicels, roi[Qxcd in frnit; 

 lobes of the rw'o//fi /«i//7/ outside above the middle. — Rich woods: common. — 

 The var. moxt.\m .m is a dwarf, broad-leaved form, from mountain woods. 



9. G. lanceolatum, Torr. (Wild Liquokice.) Leaves (except the 

 lowest) Idiiceolute or uvute-tunaolute, tuperini) to the apex (2' long) ; corolla (jUibrous: 

 Otherwise like the last. — Woodlands : common northward. 



10. G. latifblium, Mich.x. Smooth (l°-2° high); leaves lanceolate or 

 ovute-hinreoiiite, acute, .3-ncrved below ; the midrib and margins rough ; cymes 

 paniclcd, U)Osily many-flowered, tlie purple flowers all on slendei- sprcadinr/ pedi- 

 cels ; fniil siiwotli. — Dry woods, Mercersberg, Penn. {Prof. Porto-), Maryland, 

 and southward in the Alleghanies. (Also Arkansas, EiKjelmaun.) 



• * * * * Perennial, erect: leaves 4 or 8 in a wliorl : floivcrs irri/ ninnrroas and 

 crowded in a narroiv and compact terni'mil paiiiclt', ivltUe or ijellow. 



11. G. bore^le, L. (NonxiiiiKN Bkdstraw.) Smooth (l°-2°high); 

 leaves in fours, lin ur-lanceolati', 3-nerved ; flowers white; fruit minutehj hristljj, some- 

 times smooth. — Rocky banks of streams : common, especially northward. (Eu.) 



12. G. viiKUM, L. (Yelloav Bedstraw.) Leaves in eiijhls (or some in 

 si.xes), linear, grooved above, roughish deflcxed ; flowers yellow ; fruit smooth. — 

 Dry fields, E. Massachusetts, (Adv. from Eu.) 



2. SPERMACOCE, L. Button-weed. 



Calyx-tube short; the limb parted into 4 teeth. Corolla funnel-form or 

 salver-form ; the lobes valvate in the l)ud. Stamens 4. Stigma or style 2-cleft. 

 Fruit small and dry, S-i-elled, 2-seeded, splitting when ripe into 2 carpels, one 

 of them usually carrying with it the partition, and therefore closed, the other 

 open on the inner face. — Small herbs, the bases of the leaves or petioles con- 

 nected by a bristle-bearing stii)ular membrane. Flowers small, crowded into 

 sessile axillary whorled clusters or heads. Corolla whitish. (Name compounded 

 of anepfia, seed, and aKaxrj, a point, probably from the pointed calyx-teeth on 

 the fruit.) 



1. S. glabra, Mich.x. Ghii)rous j)crennial ; stems sjircading (9' -20' long) ; 

 leaves oblong-lanceolate; whorled heads many-dowered ; corolla little exceeding 

 the calyx, bearded in the throat, bearing the anthers at its base; filaments and 

 style hardly any. — River-banks, S. Ohio, Illinois, and southward. Aug. 



3. DIODIA, L. BlTTON-WEED. 



Calyx-teeth 2 -.5, often unequal. Fruit 2- (rarely 3-) celled; the crustaccous 

 carpels into which it splits all closed and indehisccnt. Otherwise resembling 

 Spermaeoce. Flowering all summer. (Name from 8io6os, a thoroughfare ; the 

 species often growing by the wayside.) 



1. D. Virginica, L. Smooth or hairy perennial ; stems spreading (1°- 

 2° long) ; leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, sessile ; flowers 1-3 in each 

 axil; corolla white {V long), the .flnidcr tube nhrupllij expanded into the large 

 limb; style 2-p<(rted ; friit ohiinii/, stronglii fnrrowid, crowiu'd mostly with 2 slender 

 calyx-teeth. — River-banks, Maryland, and southward. Also naturalized near 

 Fhiladelphia, C. F. Parker. 



