222 composit.t:. (composite family.) 



78. Nabnlna. Involucre cylindriral, of 5-14 linear equal scales in a single row and a ftw 



little scales at base, 5 - manj-flowered : corolla whitish, cream-color, or purplish. Ache- 

 ni;i rather short and blunt. I'appus ol' very copious tavinj or brown roughish bristles. 



79. lij'gollesinla, Involurre as the preceding, 5 - 10-Howered . corolla rose-purple. Ache- 



nia long and slender, tapering at the summit. i'ai>pus of copious whitish bristles. 

 t- t- Achenia terete or ndkrly so, ribbed, rou;:bish above, abruptly slender-beaked. Pappu« 

 soft, fine, and flaccid. Involucre cylindrical, of several linear scales in a single row and 

 some .small short ones at the ba.«e. Corolla yellow. 



80. (lion il I'll la. Involucre few-tlowered. I'appus white. Stems branching, le.afy. 



81. Pyrrliopnppus. Involucre many-flowered. Pappus reddish or rusty. Stemi 



bnmching, leafy below. 



82. Taraxacum. Involucre many-flowered. Pappus whitish. Scape naked, simple. 



^- <- <- Achenia flat or fl.ittish. Involucre somewhat imbricated, mostly many-flowered. 

 S3. LaclucB. Achenia abruptly long and slender-beaked, very flat : pappus bright white. 



84. Mulgertiuin. Achenia flattish, and with a short and thick beak. 



85. Soncliiis. Achenia flattish, bcakless. Pappus white. Flowers yellow. 



1. VERNONIA, Sdircb. Iuox-weed. 



Heads 15-many-flo\vcrc'(l, in corymbose cymes; flowers all perfect. Invo- 

 lucre shorter than the flowers, of many apprcssed closely imbricated scales. 

 Receptacle naked. Achenia cylindrical, ribbed. Pappus double ; the outer 

 of minute scale-like bristles; the inner of copious capillary bristles. — Peren- 

 nial herbs, with alternate leaves and mostly i>urplc flowers. (Named in honor 

 of a Mr. Vernon, an early Eni^lish botanist who travelled in this country.) 



1. V. Noveboraeensis, WiUd. Scales of the involucre tipped with a long 

 bristle-form or awl-shapHl sjnriulinf/ appendnrje or awn ; in some varieties merely 

 pointed. — Low grounds near the coast, Maine to Virginia; and river-banks in 

 the Western States, from Wisconsin southward. Aug. — A tall coarse weed 

 with lanceolate or oblong leaves. 



2. V. fascieulata, Michx. Sraks of the involnrre (all but the lowest) 

 rounded and obtuse, icitiiout appendage. — Prairies and river-l)anks, Ohio to Wis- 

 consin and southward. Aug. — Leaves narrowly or broadly lanceolate : heads 

 mostly crowded. Very variable, and manifestly passing into Xo. 1. 



2. ELEPHANTOPUS, L. Elei'ii.\xt's-foot. 



Heads .3 - 5-flowered, several together clustered into a compound head : flow- 

 ers perfect. Involucre narrow, flattened, of 8 oblong dry scales. Achenia 

 many-ribbed. Pappus of stout bristles, chaffy-dilated at the base. — Perennials, 

 with alternate leaves and purplish flowers. (Name composed of eXfCpas, ele- 

 phant, and TT oil s, fool.) 



1. E. Caroliniauus, Willd. Somewliat hairy, corymbose, leafy ; leaves 

 ovate-oblong, thin. — Dry soil, IVnnsylvania to Illinois and southward. 



3. SCLEROLEPIS, Cas. K( lkuouu-is. 



Head many-flowered : flowers perfect. Scales of the involucre linear, equal, 

 in 1 or 2 rows. Corolla 5-toothed. Achenia 5-angIed. Pappus a single row of 

 almost horny oval and obtuse scales. — A smooth perennial, with simple stems, 

 rooting at the base, linear entire leaves in whorls of 5 or 6, and a terminal head 



