COMl'OSIT.E. (COMI'OSITK I-AMILV.) 229 



slender naked petioles ; rai/s 6-9. — Woodlands : common, especially northward. 

 July, Aiij;. — Plant l°-2° liigh, with smaller heads, looser corynil)s, rumidcr 

 and less rigid exterior involucral scales, and tliiiiner leaves than tiie next; not 

 rough, but sometimes j)ul)esceut. 



2. A. macrophyllUS, L. Stem stoiU ami rl</i(l (20-30 higii); leaies 

 thickls/i, roiiij/t, doAf/i/ .scnulf, somewhat pointed ; the lower heart-shaped (4'- 10' 

 long, 3'-G' wide), long-petioled ; the upper ovate or ol)long, sessile or on mar- 

 gined petioles; heads in ample rigid corymbs; uii/s 12-2.') (white or bluish). — 

 Moist woods : common northward, and southward along the mountains. Aug., 

 Sept. — Involucre ^' broad; the outer scales rigid, oblong or ovate-oblong, tlie 

 innermost much larger and thinner. 



§ 2. CALLlASTRUM, Torr. & Gr. Scales of the involucre imbricated in severed 

 rows, coriaceous, mlh short herbaceous tips: rays 12-30, violet or blue: ucluniu 

 narroiv (siuoulliish) : pappus ofriijid bristles of unequal thickness: stem-leaces ail 

 sessile; lower ones not heart-shaped : heads few, or when several cori/mbosc, larye 

 and showtj. (Allied to § 1, and to Scricoearpus.) 



3. A. R^dula, Ait. Stem simple or corymbose at the summit, smooth, 

 many-leaved (1°- 3° high); leaves oblong-lanceolate pointed, shar pi ij serrate in the 

 middle, cerj ronyh both sides and rugose-veined, closely sessile (2' -3' long), nearly 

 equal ; scales of the bell-shaped involucre oblong, oppressed, with very short and slightly 

 spreading herUiccous lips; achcnia stnooth. — Bogs and low grounds, Delaware 

 to Maine and northward, near the coast. Also Pocono Mountain, Penn. (Pr<f. 

 T. Green); and a dwarf variety, with iinear-lanccolatc leaves, at White Moun- 

 tains, New Hampshire. Aug. — Kays light violet. Involucre nearly smooth, 

 except the ciliate margins. 



4. A. SUrcul6sus, Michx. Stems slender (i°-l° high), from long and 

 slender, or here and there tuberous-thickened, creeping, subterranean shoots or suck- 

 ers, roughisli-pubescent above, 1-2- or eorymbosely several-flowered; leaves 

 roughish, obscurely toothed, lanceolate or the lower spatulate ; involucre oh-onical or 

 bell-sluiped (^' - h' long), tiie whitish and coriaceous scales ivith short herbaceous 

 tijis, th' outer ones shorter ; achcnia .slightly pubescent. — Var. orXcilis (A. gra- 

 cilis, Xult.) is a form with the scales of the narrower obconical involucre succes- 

 sively shorter and witli very short and scarcely spreading green tips, resembling 

 a Scricoearpus. — Moist grounds, j)ine barrens of New Jersey and southward. 

 Sept. — Hays about 12, violet, G" long. 



5. A. spect^bilis, Ait. Stems (1°- 2° high) minutely rough and gland- 

 ular-j)ube.<eent at tlie summit ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, row/hish, oliscnrely tiHithed, 

 tapering to the Ixise ; scales of the short and almost hemispherical involucre linear-ob- 

 long, with consi)icuous spatulate glandular-downy tips, the outer mast scarcely shorter ; 

 achcnia slightly pubescent. — Sandy soil, Mas.<achusetts to New Jersey, near 

 the coast, and southward. Sept. - Nov. — One of the handsomest of the genus, 

 though the luMds are few. Tiie rays, about 20, are narrowly lanceolate, nearly 

 1' long, viry dec]) violet-blue. Involucre i' long and wide. 



6. A. H6rveyi, n. sp. Stem slender (10-2° high), nearly smooth, tho 

 summit and i)eduncles of the several corymbose iieads minutely glaiulular-j)ubes- 

 cent; leaves tliinnish, roughish, obacurely serrult, obloug-lauceolate, very acute, all but 



