COMPOSITE. (coMi'osrri: kamm.y.) 253 



Wet river-banks, Pennsylvania to Illinois, and southward. June -Oct. — All 

 belonfr to a widc-sijjrcud and variable species ol the wui nier regions, the oldest 

 specific uaniL- of wiiicli is E. ai.u.v. 



34. BORRICHIA, Adaus. Ska Ox-eye. 



Heads niany-liowtrcd, radiate ; tiic rays rcrtile. Scales of the hemispherical 

 involucre imbricated. Ucccptacle Hat, covered witli lanceolate rigid and per- 

 sistent chart'. Achenia somewhat wedge-shaped, 3-4-angled. Pappus a short 

 4-toothed crown. — Shrubby low maritime plants, coriaceous or rteshy, with 

 opposite nearly entire leaves, and solitary peduncled terminal heads of yellow 

 flowers : anthers blackish. (Named for Oluf Borrich, a Danish botanist.) 



1. B. frutescens, DC. Whitened with a minute silky pubescence (6'- 

 Vl' high); leaves spatulate-oblong or lanceolate, often toothed near the base; 

 chafl" rigidly pointed. — Virginia and southward. 



35. HELIOPSIS, Pers. Ox-eye. 



Heads many-flowered, radiate; the rays 10 or more, fertile. Scales of the 

 involucre in 2 or 3 rows ; the outer leaf-like and somewhat spreading, the inner 

 shorter than the disk. Receptacle conical : chaff linear. Achenia smooth, 4- 

 angular. Pappus none, or a mere border. — Perennial herbs, like Hclianthus. 

 Heads showy, peduncled, terminating the stem or branches. Leaves opposite, 

 petioled, triple-ribbed, serrate. Flowers yellow. (Name composed of rjXios, the 

 61111, and o\|/'is', apjuurance, from the likeliess to the Sunflower.) 



1. H. laevis, Pcrs. Nearly smooth (l°-4° high) ; leaves ovate-lanceolate 

 or oblong-ovatc. — Var. sc.\bra has roughish foliage, and the involucre some- 

 what hoary. — Banks and copses : common. Aug. 



36. ECHINACEA, Maiich. Purple Cone-flower. 



Heads numy-flowercd, radiate ; the rays very long, drooping, pistillate but 

 sterile. Scales of the involucre imbricated, lanceolate, spreading. Receptacle 

 conical ; the lanceolate spiny-tipped chaff longer than the disk-flowers. Ache- 

 nia thick and short, 4-sidcd. Pa])pus a small toothed border. — Perennial herbs, 

 with the stout and nearly simple stems naked above and terminated by a single 

 large head ; the leaves chiefly alternate, 3-5-nerved. Rays rose-purple, rather 

 persistent: disk purplish. (Name formed from 'E;(I«'os, the Ilcdi/ehorj, or Sea- 

 urchiii, in allusion to the sjiiny ciiafJ'of the disk.) 



1. E. purptirea, Moncli. Lcm-es rough, often serrate ; the lowest w<»^', 

 b-mrfccl, veiny, long-petioled ; the others ovate-lanceolate ; involucre imbricated 

 in 3-5 rows ; stem smooth, or in one variety (E. scrtitina, DC.) rough-bristly, 

 as well as the leaves. — Prairies and banks, from W. Penn. and Ohio southward 

 and westward. July. — Rays 15-20, dull purple (rarely whitish), \'-2' long. 

 Root thick, black, very pungent to the taste, used in poi)ular medicine under 

 the name of /i/'ick Sinn/isivt. — Probably varies into 



2. E. angUStif61ia, DC. Ltaws, as well as the slender simjile stem, 

 bristli/-h'iiri/, laiiculatc and linearlaiiceulate, S-iiernd, intire ; involucre less imbri- 

 cated ; rays 12-15 (2' long), rose-color or red. — Plains from lUiuois and Wiii- 

 consin southwcstward. June -Aug. 



