258 cOMPOsiTiE. (coMrosiTi': family.) 



maro;incd petioles ; scales of the involucre linear-lanceolate, pointed, scarcely 

 exceeding the disk ; rays 12-15. — Kiver-bottoms, Pennsylvania to Illinois and 

 southward. — A coarse species, with anij)le leaves (the lower often 1° long) ; the 

 upper ones frequently alternate; rootstock thickening into elongated tubers. 

 This is probably the original of 



20. H. TiiHKnosu.s, L., the Ji:nrSAi-i;M Akticuokic, (i. e. (Jinisole of the 

 Italians, meaning the same as sunflower, and corrupted in England into Jenisu- 

 lem), which has all the upper leaves alternate. It has escaped from gardens into 

 fence-rows, &c. in some places. 



40. ACTINOMERIS, Nutt. Actixo.mekis. 



Heads many-flowered ; the rays few or several, neutral, or rarely none. In- 

 volucre foliaceous, nearly equal, in 1 to 3 rows. Receptacle convex or conical, 

 chatty ; the chaft' embracing the outer margin of the flat (laterally compressed) 

 and winged achenia. Pappus of 2 smooth persistent awns. — Tall and branch- 

 ing perennials, with serrate feather-veined leaves, tapering to the base and 

 mostly dccurrent on the stem. Heads corymbed : flowers chiefly yellow. (Name 

 from OKTis, n mij, and fXfpis, a part; alluding to the irregularity of the rays.) 



1 . A. squai'l'bsa, Nutt. Stem somewhat hairy and winyed above (4° - 8° 

 high) ; leaves alternate or the lower opposite, oblong or ovate-lanceolate, pointed 

 at both ends ; heads in an open corymbed panicle ; scales of the imolncre. in 2 

 rows, the outer linear-spatulate, rcjlexed ; raijs 4-10, inrf/iilar ; achenia liroadly 

 winged; receptacle globular. — Rich soil, Penn. and W. New York {Sarturll} 

 to Michigan, Illinois, and southward. Sept. 



2. A. helianthoides, Nutt. Stem hairy {\° -:i° high), widdt/ idnged hy 

 the ovate-lanceolate sessile alternate leaves, which are rough above and soft- 

 hairy beneath; heads few; scales of the involucre not .yireadinr/ ; rai/s 8-15, 

 regular; a-jhcnia oval, slightly winged, tipped with 2 fragile awns; receptacle 

 conical. —Prairies and coi)ses, Ohio to Illinois and southward. July. 



41. COREOPSIS, L. TicivSKiiD. 



Heads many-flowered, radiate ; the rays mostly 8, ncutrMl. rarely wanting. 

 Involucre double ; each of about 8 scales, the outer rather foliaceous and some- 

 what sjjreading ; the inner broader and oppressed, nearly membranaceous. 

 Receptacle flat, with membranaceous chaff deciduous with the fruit. Achenia 

 flat, obcompressed (i. e. parallel with the scales of the involucre), often winged, 

 not beaked or naiTowed at the top, 2-toothed, 2-awned, or sometimes naked at 

 the summit, the awns not barbed downwardly. — Herbs, generally with op- 

 posite leaves, and yellow or party-colored, rarely pm-])le, rays. (Name from 

 Kopis, a bii(j, and o\//'is, resemblance; from the form of the fruit.) 



§ 2. Branches of the style truncate: rays rose-color: disk i/ellow: root perennial. 



1. C. rdsea, Nutt. Stem branching, leafy, smooth (G'-20' high) ; leaves 

 opi)osite, linear, entire ; heads small, somewhat corymbed, on short peduncles ; 

 outer involucre very short ; rays 3-toothed ; achenia oblong, wingless ; jjappus 

 an obscure crown-like border. — Sandy and grassy swamps, Plymouth, Massa- 

 chusetts, to New Jersey, and southwai-d : rare. Aug. 



