COMPOSIT.E. (co"Mi'Osrn: fa^iily.) 271 



1. S. vi'ix.Vris, L. (Common Groundsel.) Low, corymboscly branched ; 

 leaves jnnnalilid and toothed, claspiiifr; rays none. — Waste grounds. July - 

 Sept. (Adv. from Ku.) 



2. S. lobktUS, I'ers. (BiTTi:u-\vi:i;i).) Kather tall; leaves .somewhat 

 fleshy, mostly lynitt or piiiiuite, tlie divisions or lealU't.s crenate or ent-loheil, vari- 

 able; heads small in a naked corymb; 7<ii/s aljout 12, consjiintons. — Low banks 

 of the Ohio and Mississippi, Illinois and southward. April -July. 



3. S. pallistris, llook. Biennial, loosely woolly when young ; stem stout, 

 6-3^ higii ; Uiivea ol)iong-lanceolate, irm/iUdrly toothed or luciniute, the upper 

 with a heart-shaped clasping ba.sc ; rays 20 or more, short, pale yellow ; pappus 

 copious and becoming very long. — Wet ground, N. W. Wisconsin {T.J. Uale) 

 and northward. June. (Eu.) 



* ♦ Root ]X-rennial : heads small or middle-sized, in a naked corymb. 



4. S. atireus, L. (Golukn K.vgwort. Sqlaw-wkud.) ^Smooth, or 

 fldccosc-iroully irlwii yoiiiii/ (10' -30' high) ; root-leaves simple and rounded, the larger 



_ones mostly heart-sliaped, crenate-toothed, lomj-petiokd ; the lower stem-leaves 

 lyrate; ni)jicr ones lanceolate, cut-pinn*atitid, sessile or partly clasping; corymb 

 umbel-like; rays 8-12. — Varies greatly, the leading forms being, — Var. I. 

 obovXtls, with the root-leaves round-obovate (growing in drier places). — 

 Var. 2. BalsAmit^, w ith root-leaves oblong, spatulate, or lanceolate, sometimes 

 cut-toothed, tapering into the petiole. Kocky places. — Var. 3. lanceoi-.\tus, 

 Oakes, with the leaves all lanceolate-oblong, thin, sharply and unequally toothed, 

 cither wcdge-shai)ed or somewhat heart-shaped at the base, the upper merely 

 pinnatifid-cut towards the base. (Cedar swamps, Vermont, Robbins.) — Common 

 everywhere : the primary form in swamps. May, June. 



5. S. Elli6ttii, Torr. & Gr. Soon smooth, stem simple (1° high), often 

 nearly leafless, bearing a small corymb; roof-harrs tliirh'sh, ohorate or ivnndisli, 

 narrowed into a short and wintjrd pitiole, or sessile, crenate-toothed, sometimes ly- 

 rate ; stem-leaves small, cnt-pinnatifid. — Rich soil, Virginia and southward 

 along the mountains. May. 



6. S. tomentdsUS, Michx. (Wooi.lv Ragwort.) Clothed n-ith scarcely 

 deciduous hoary icoiil (l°-2° high) ; roof-leaves oblonrj, obtuse, crenate toothed, on 

 slender petioles ; the upper sessile ; corymb flat-topped ; rays 12 -15. — Moun- 

 tains of Penn.sylvania {Pursli), Maryland, and southward. May. — S. cXni:?, 

 Hook., which too closely resembles smaller forms of this, probably occurs within 

 the nortliprn borders of Wisconsin. 



* * * Root perennial : head^ larr/c and mnatli/ solitari/. 



7. S. Pseudo-Arnica, Less. Loosely white woolly, sometimes becom- 

 ing glabrous ; stem stout, f)' - 12' high, lenfv to tho top; leaves oblong, repaiul, 

 tapering into a narrow petiole-like base; beads 1 -4, over an iiuli in diameter; 

 rays 20 or more, large. — Grand Manan Island oil' Maine (/'/W: Vnrill) and 

 northward. 



64. ARNICA, L. Arnica. 



Heads many-flowered, radiate ; the rays pistillate. Scales of the bell-shaped 

 involucre lanceolate, equal, somewhat in 2 rows. Receptacle flat, flmbrillatc- 



