GICNTIANACE^. (gENTIAN FAMILY.) 387 



L., partly.) — Damp woods, from the northern parts of Maine, to Wisconsin, and 

 northward. July, August. 



5. GENTIANA, L. Gextiax. 



Calyx 4-5-clcft. Corolla 4 - 5-lobed, regular, usually with intermediate 

 plaited folds, which bear a|>pendages or teeth at the sinuses. Style short or 

 none: stigmas 2, persistent. Pod oblong, 2-valved ; the innumerable seeds 

 either borne on placenta; at or near the sutures, or in most of our species cover- 

 ing nearly the whole inner face of the pod. (First shown by Prof. II. J. Ckirlc!) 



— Flowers solitary or cymose, showy, in late summer and autumn. (Name 

 from Gentlus, king of Illyria, who used some species medicinally.) 



§ 1. AMARELLOIDES, Ton-. & Gr. Corolla tubular-funnel -form, witliout 

 crown or plaited folds, and with the lobes naked: anthers separate, jixed by 

 the middle, iulrorse in the bud, but reflextd afer the flower opens : seeds wing- 

 liss : annuals. 



1. G. quinquefldra, Lam. (Five-flowered G.) Stem rather slen- 

 der, branching (1° high) ; leaves ovate-lanceolate from a partly clasping and 

 heart-shaped base, 3 - 7-nerved, tipped with a minute point ; branches racemed 

 or panicled, about 5-flowered at the summit ; lobes of the small 5-cleft calyx 

 awl-shaped-linear ; lobes of the ])ale-blue corolla triangular-ovate, bristle-pointed, 

 one fourth the length of the slender obeonical tube. — Var. occidentXlis has 

 lineai'-lanceolate calyx-lobes, more leaf-like, about half the length of the corolla. 



— Dry hilly woods, Maine to Wisconsin and southward, especially along the 

 Alleghanies : the var. is the common form in the Western States. — Corolla 

 nearly 1' long ; in the variety proportionally shorter. 



§ 2. CROSSOPETALUM, Frcel. Corolla funnel-form, gland-bcarinfj between the 

 bases of the f laments, without crown or plaited folds ; the lo'.ies fringed or toothed 

 on the marfiins : anthers as in § 1 : pod somewhat stalked : seeds luingless, clothed 

 • with little scales: annuals or biennials. 



2. G. crinita, Frcel. (Fuixged G.) Flowers solitary on long peduncles 

 terminating the stem or simple branches ; leaves lanceolate or ocate-lanceolate from 

 a parth) heart-shaped or rounded base; lobes of the 4-cleft calyx uneqnal, ovate and 

 lanceolate, as long as the bell-shaiied tube of the sky-blue corolla, the lobes of 

 which arc wcdge-obovate, and strongl/j fring^l around the summit; ovari/ lanceohite. 

 r— Low grounds. New England to Kentucky and Wisconsin : rather common. — 

 Plant l°-2° high : the showy corolla 2' long. 



3. G. detonsa, Fries. (Smaller Fringed G.) Stem .simple or witli 

 fllendcr branches, terminated by solitary flowers on very long peduncles ; leaves 

 linear or lanceolate-linear ; lobes of the 4- (rarely h-) cleft calyx unequal, ovate or 

 triangular and lanceolate, pointed ; lobes of the sky-blue corolla spatulate-oblong, 

 with citiate-fringed margins, the fringe sliorter or almost obsolete at tlte summit; 

 ovary elliptical or obovatr. — Moist grounds, Niagara Falls to Illinois and north- 

 westward. Passes into the last. (Eu.) 



§ 3. PNEUMONANTHE, Nccker. Corolla bell-shaped or obeonical, 5-lobcd, 

 with plaited folds which project into appendages in the sinuses : ant/ias crtcl, 



