448 JUGLANDACK.E. (WALXIT FAMILY.) 



and the petioles mtnuteli/ downif ; fruit xphcriccd, rouj^Iily dotted, the nut corrugated, 

 4-ccllcd at top and bottom. — riith wooils ; rare in llic Eastern, very common 

 in the Western States. Alay : the iruit ripe in Oct. — A larjjc and handsom* 

 tree, with brown bark, and valuable purplish-brown wood turning blackish 

 with age. Seed less oily than the butternut, more so than in the European 

 Walnut (J. kkgia). 



2. GARY A, Nutt. Hickory. 



Sterile flowers in slender lateral and clustered catkins : calyx naked, adherent 

 to the bract, unequally 2-3-parted. Stamens 3-10: filaments short or none, 

 free. Fertile flowers 2-.') in a cluster or short spike, on a j)etluncle terminating 

 the shoot of the season : caly.x 4-toothod : petals none. Stigmas sessile, 2 or 4, 

 large, papillose, persistent. Fruit with a 4-valved, firm and at length dry 

 cxocarp, falling away from the smooth and crustaceous or bony endocarp or 

 nut-shell, which is incompletely 2-celled, and at the base mostly 4-cclled. — Fine 

 timber-trees, with hard and very tough wood, and scaly buds, from which in 

 spring are put forth usually both kinds of flowers, the sterile below and the fer- 

 tile above the leaves. Nuts ripen and fall in October. (Ku/jua, an ancient 

 name of the Walnut.) 



§ 1. Sterile catkins fuscichd (no common peduncle or sometimes a very short one) from 

 separate lateral scaly buds near the summit i>f sliools.of the prectdiny year: bud- 

 scales few: fruit elonyated-ohlony : the thin-shtlled nut 2-celled below: seed sw'tet : 

 leajfets short-slalked, numeious. 



1. C. olivseformis, Nutt. (Pecan-nut.) Minutely downy, becoming 

 nearly smooth ; leaflets 13 - 15, oblong-lanceolate, tapering gradually to a slen- 

 der point, falcate, serrate ; nut olive-shaped. — River bottoms, from Illinois 

 southward. — A large tree; its delicious nuts well-known. 



§ 2. Sterile catkins in threes {or rarefy more) on a common peduncle from the aril of 

 the inner scales of the common hud, therefore at the base of the shoot of the 

 season, which, then beariny S or 4 leaves, is terminated by the fertile flowers : 

 fruit (/lobular or oral : nut 4-celled at base : leaflets sessile or nearly so. 



* Bud-scales ntniwrous, almut 10, successively enivrappiny ; the inner ones accrescent, 

 becominy thin and membranaceous and rather tardily deciduous: husk of the fruit 

 splittiny promptly into 4 thick (but variable in this respect) and when dry hard 

 or uoody valves : seed sweet and delicious. ( The hickory nuts of the market. ) 



2. C. ^Iba, Nutt. (Shell-bahk or Shag-bark Hickory.) Bark of 

 trunk shaggy, exfoliating in rough strips or plates ; inner bud-scales becoming 

 large and conspicuous, persistent till the flowers are fully developed ; leaflets .5, 

 when young minutely downy beneath, finely serrate, the three upper obovntc- 

 lanccolate, the loicer pair much smaller and oblong-lanceolate, all taper-pointed ; 

 fruit globular or depressed; nut white, flattish-globnlar, barely mucronate, the 

 shell thinnish. — Large and handsome tree, furnishing most valuable wood and 

 the principal hickory nuts of the market. 



3. C. microc^rpa, Nntt. (Smai,l-fri;ited Hickory.) Nut as in the 

 preceding, but smaller (7" -9" long), and the husk much thinner; while the 

 foliage resembles that of No. 6 ; the leaflets .5 - 7, oblong -lanceolate glandular under- 



