^2 CUPULIFER^.. (oak FAMILY.) 



Var. hiimilis, Marsh. (Dwakk Chestnut- or Cuinquapin-Oak.) 



(Q. pumila, Mic/i.r. Q. Tiinus, var. Chincapin, Mkh.r. /., A. DC. Q. pri- 

 noides, ]['H/d. & Ed. 2.) Foliage as in one other of the preceding Ibrnis ; 

 acorns and cups simihir, but mostly smaller (abundant, sessile or nearly so) ; 

 but is a shrub, only 20-4° high; seemingly therefore a distinct species, but 

 MO good character is found. — Poor .«oil, sandy barrens, &c., S. New England 

 ind New York to Wisconsin and southward. {See p. 681.) 

 * * * Live Oak.s. Leaves coriaceous, evergreen, entire or rareljj spiny-toothed. 

 C. Q. virens, Ait. (Live Oak.) Leaves small, oblong or elliptical, 

 hoary beneath as well as the branchlets; peduncle usually conspicuous, 1-3- 

 fruited; cup top-shaped ; acorn oblong ; cotyledons completely united into one 

 mass. — Coast of Virginia and southward. Farther south becoming a large 

 tree : timber invaluable. 



§ 2. Biennial-fruited; i. e. acorns perfected in the autumn of the second year, 

 ther<fure on old wood below the leaves of the season : peduncles short and thick or 

 none: kernel bitter ; the abortive ovules at the apex of the seed : calyx of sterile 

 floweis 2 - 5-parled: stamens 3-5. 

 *. Leaves entire or with a few teeth, or somewhat '3-5-lobed at the summit, coriartous, 

 inclined to be persistent southward, but none of them really everynen at the north, 

 the tips or lobes commonly bristle-pointed : acorns (/lobular, small, at most only 6" 

 long. (Intermediate forms, in certain cases probably hybrids, occur between all 

 these species and some of the next section.) 



■5- Leaves not dilated upwards, generally entire: acorn globose. 



7. Q. cin^rea, Michx. (Upland Willow-Oak.) Hoariness and shape 

 of the leaves as in No. 6, but commonly more lance oblong or lanceolate, and 

 rather more downy beneath, and the shallow cups and globular acorns as in the 

 next. — Dry pine-barrens, from E. Virginia southward. 



8. Q. Phellos, L. (Willow-Oak.) Leaves linear-lanceolate, narrowed to 

 both ends, soon glabrous, light green (3' -4' long); cup saucer-shaped. — Sandy 

 low woods. Long Island and New Jersey to Kentucky and southward. — Tree 

 30° -50° high, remarkable for the willow-like leaves. 



9. Q. imbricaria, Michx. (Laurel or Shingle Oak.) Leaves lan- 

 ceolate-ohlonrj, thickish, smooth and shining above, doivny underneath, the down 

 commonly persistent ; cup between saucer-shaped and top-shaped. — Barrens and 

 open woodlands. New Jersey to Wisconsin and southward. — Tree 30° -50° 

 high ; the wood used for shingles in the Western States, whence the specific 

 name. 



+ • -t- Leaves thick, ivide'ning or often much dilated upwards, when they are more or less 

 sinuate or someichat 3 - 5-lobed : acorns globular-ovoid. 



10. Q. aquatica, "Catesby. (Water-Oak.) Leaves glabrous and shining, 

 oborate-spattilate or narrowly icedge-form, with a long tapering base, and an often ob- 

 scurely 3-lobcd summit, varying to oblanceolate ; cup saucer-shaped or hemi- 

 spherical. — Wet grounds, around ponds, &c., Maryland to Virginia and south- 

 ward. — Tree 30° - 40° high ; running into many varieties, especially southward ; 

 the leaves on seedlings and strong shoots often incised or sinuate-piunatifid ; 

 then mostly bristle-pointed. 



