CUPULIFKR-iE. (OAK FAMILY.) 453 



11. Q. nigra, L. (Black-Jack or Barren Oak.) Leaves brondJy wedge- 

 sha/ied, but .soiuutiiiies louiRled or obscurely cordate at tlic base, wkltli/ dilated 

 and somewhat 3-Iobed (rarely 5-lol)ed) at the siiininit, occasionally with one or 

 two lateral conspicuously bristle-tipped lobes or teeth, rusty -jjubescent beneath, 

 s^iining above, large (4' -9' lonsj;) ; ch/) top-s/ut/ied, coarse-scaly; acorn short- 

 ovoid. (Q. ferruginea, Mic/ix.) — Dry sandy barrens, New York to Illinois, and 

 southward. — Tree 8° - 25° high. 



•t- -(- -I- Anomalous or occusioinil, /irolmhli/ some or all of them Iiijlirid forms, derived 

 u'holli/ or ill part from the Jbrei/oinij species. 



Q. tridentXta, Eiigelni., arranged by DC. as a var. of Q. nigra, is 

 just intermediate between it and Q. imbricaria. — Near St. Louis, Engelmana. 



Q. QUiNQUELOBA, Engelm., is intermediate between, and probably de- 

 rived from Q. nigra, and Q. coccinea, var. tinctoria. — St. Louis, Enyelmann. 



Q. L^ANA, Nutt. (Lea's Oak), by its characters and by the foliage of 

 the second generation, communicated by Mr. David Christy, is pretty clearly a 

 hybrid between Q. imbricaria and Q. coccinea, var. tinctoiia. — S. Ohio and 

 Illinois: two or three trees known. 



Q, HETKROPHYLLA, Michx. (Bartram's Oak), lately rediscovered in 

 Delaware and New Jersey, by T. Mecliaii, C. E. Smith, &c. — has laciniate leaves 

 like those of vigorous young shoots of Q. aquatica, to which De Candolle refers 

 it as a variety. It is as likely to be a state of Q. Phellos, with dilated and 

 toothed or cut leaves. 

 * * Black and Red Oaks. Leaves pinnatifid or lohed, and slender-petioled, not 



coriaceous, the tips of the lobes or teeth conspicuously bristle-pointed. 



H- Mature leaves soft-downy beneath: cup saucer-shaped with a soineivhat top-shaped 



base, about half the length of the fully developed small acorn. 



12. Q. ilieifdlia, Wang. (Bear or Black Scrub-Oak.) Dwarf {5°^ 

 8° high), straggling ; leaves obovale, wedge-shaped at base, angularly about 5- (3-7-) 

 lobed, white-downy beneath ; acorn ovoid, globular, .5" - 6" long. — Sandy barrens 

 and rocky hills. New England to Ohio and Kentucky. (Q. Banisteri, Michx.) — 

 Leaves 2' -4' long, thickish, with short and triangular spreading lobes. 



13. Q. falcata, Michx. (Spanish Oak.) Lenvis grayish-doivny or fulvous 

 underneath, obtuse or rounded at the base, 3 - 5-lobed above ; the lobes prohuqed, 

 mostly narrow and more or less scythe-shaped, especially the terminal one, entire or 

 sparingly cut-toothed; acorn globose, 4" -5" long. — Dry or sandy soil, New 

 Jersey to Illinois and southward. — A small or large tree, extremely variable in 

 foliage; bark excellent for tanning. (Q. triloba, Michx., seems to be a confu- 

 sion of this and Q. nigra.) 



t- t- Mature leaves glabrous on both sid'S or nearly so ; oval, ohlong or somewhat obo- 

 vate in outline, all except some of No. 14 varying from moderately sinuate-pin- 

 natifid to deeply pinnatifid, turning various shades of red or crimson in late 

 autumn : large trees ; the wood reddish, course-grained. (Apjiarently these species 

 all naturally intercross.) 



14. Q. coccinea, Wang. (Scarlet Oak.) Cup top-shaped, or hemispher- 

 ical vnth a conical scaly base ("" - 9" broad ), coarsely scaly, covering half or more 

 of the broadly or globular-ovoid acorn. — Leaves in the ordinary forms, at least on 



