4G8 CONIFERS. (pine family.) 



Subclass II. GYMXOSPER^LE. 



Pistil represented by an open scale or leaf, or else entirely ^van^ 

 inir; \\n' ovules and seeds therefore naked (without a pericarp), and 

 fertilized by the direct application of the pollen. Cotyledons often 

 more than two. 



Ohdkr 100. COWIFER^. (Pine Family.) 



Treen or shrubs, icith resinous Juice, mostly awl-shaped or needle-shaped 

 entire leaves, and monoecious or rarely dioecious Jlowers in calkins, destitute 

 of calyx or corolla. Ovules orthotropous. Embryo in the axis of the al- 

 bumen, nearly its length. (Wood destitute of duets, composed chiefly of 

 a homogeneous large woody fibre which is marked with circular disks on 

 two sides.) Composes the three following Suborders: — 



SuRORDKii I. ABIETIWE.E. Pkopf.r Tine Family. 

 Fertile flowers in catkins, consisting of open imbricated carpels in the 

 form of scales in the axil of a bract; in fruit forming a strobile or cone. 

 Ovules 2, adherent to the base of each carpellary scale, their orifice turned 

 downward. Buds scaly. 



* Cones maturing the year after flowering. 



1. Piiius. Leaves 2-5 in a cluster from the axil of a scale-like primary leaf, persistent. 



« * Cones maturing the same year. 



2. Allies. Leaves all scattered on the branches and alike, persistent. 



3- JLarix. Leaves many In a cluster, the primary ones similar to the others, deciduous. 



Suborder II. CUPKESSIIVE.E. Cypress Family. 

 Fertile flowers consisting of few carpellary scales, without bracts, bear- 

 i:ig single or several erect ovules on tiiei'r base (the orifice upward), form- 

 ing a closed strobile or a sort of drupe in fruit. Buds naked. 



* Flowers monoecious. f=trobile dry, opening at maturity. 



4. THiija. Fruit of few imbricated oblong scales. Ovules 2. Leaves scale-like, closely Im- 



bricated on the flattened branches. 



5. Cujircssus. Fruit of several shield-form thick .scales united in a globular woody cone. 



Seeds 2 or more on the stalk of each scale. Leaves scale-like or awl-shaped. 



6. Taxodiuin. Fruit of several thick shield-shaped scales united in a globular woody 



cone. Seeds 2 on the base of each scale. Leaves linear, 2-rauked, deciduous. 

 * * Flowers chiefly dioecious. Fruit berry-like, not opening. 



7. Juuiperua. Fruit composed of 3-C coalesccnt 1 -3-ovuled scales, becoming fleshy. 



Suborder III. TAXlNE.i:. Yeav Family. 

 Fertile flower solitary, consisting of a naked ovule, ripening into a nut- 

 like or drupe-like seed. Carpel or scale entirely wanting. Buds sealy. 

 y. Taxus. Ovule erect, encircled at the base by an annular disk, which in fruit furme a 



berry -like cup around the nul-like seed. 



