470. CONIFERJE. (pine FAMILY.) 



(near Charlottesville, .V. A. Curtis) to Penn., Prof. Porter, as far north as Port 

 Clinton near Heading {T. Mtehan). — Sterile catkins 6"- 9" long, ■with G -8 iu- 

 volueral scales. Seed with 2 or 3 sligiit ridges: cotyledons about 7. 



4. P. inops, Ait. (Jeusey or Scituu Pixe.) .Leaves shurt (l^'-3' long); 

 cones oblong-conical, sometimes curved (2' -3' long), the scales tipped with a 

 straif/ht ur ncurvid oui-sltaped prickle. — Barrens and sterile hills, New Jersey to 

 Kentucky and southward. A straggling tree, 15° -40° high, with spreading 

 or drooi)ing hranclilets : young .shoots with a purplish glaucous bloom. Sterile 

 catkins liuear-obloiig, 5" -6" long, with about 8 involucral scales. 



5. P. Banksi^na, Lambert. (GuAY or Noktiiekn Scrub Pixe.) 

 Leaves short (I'long), oblirjue, divergent; cones conical, oblong, usually curved 

 (1^' -2' long), smooth, the scales pointle^ss. (P. rupestris, J/(V./(x./) — Rocky 

 banks, N. Maine, N. Michigan and Wisconsin, and northward. — A straggling 

 shrub or low tree (5° -20° high) : the sterile catkins nearly as in No. 4. Seed 

 with 2 or 3 ridges on the inner side : cotyledons 4 or .5. 



6. P. mitis, Michx. (Yellow Pixe.) Leaves in pairs or sometimes in 

 threes, y/'ow long shmths, slender (3' - 5' long) ; cones ovate- or oblong-conical 

 (barely 2' long) ; the scales tipped with a minute and weak prirlle. (P. variabilis, 

 Piirsh.) — Dry or sandy soil, W. New England ? and New Jersey to Wisconsin, 

 and common southward. — Tree 50° -60° high, straight, producing a durable, 

 fine-grained, moderately resinous timber, valuable for flooring, &c. Leaves 

 more soft and slender than in any of the preceding, dark green. The western 

 form has more rigid leaves, and more tuberculate and spiny cones. Sterile 

 catkins linear, 6" -9" long, with 9-12 involucral scales. Seed with 2 or 3 

 rough ridges : cotyledons 5-7. 



* * Fertile catkins and cones terminal, the latter deciduous after shedding the s<ed: 

 their scales slightly thickened, pointless : leaves in twos, slender. 



7. P. resindsa, Ait. (TIedPixe.) Leaves from long sheaths, elongated 

 (5' -6' long), dark green; cones ovate-conical, smooth (about 2' long) ; sterile 

 catkins oblong-linear (6"- 9" long), subtended by about 6 involucral scales 

 which are early deciduous by an articulation above their base ; seeds slightly 

 ridged on the lower surfoce ; cotyledons 6 or 7. (P. rubra, Michr.f.) — Dry 

 woods, Mass. to Penn., Wisconsin, and northward. — Tree 50° -80° high, with 

 reddish and rather smooth bark, and compact, not very resinous wood. — 

 Wrongly called Norwajj Pine. 



§ 2. Leaves 5 in a {loose-scaled entirelj diridnons) shalh : cones terminal, deciduous 

 after shedding the seed ; their scales slightlij if at all th'ckened at the end and 

 wholly destitute of prickle or point : bark smooth except on old trunks. 



8. P. Str6bus, L. (White Pixe.) Leaves very slender, glaucous; 

 sterile catkins oval (4" -5" long), with 6 -8 involucral scales at. b;ise ; fertile 

 catkins long-stalked, cylindrical ; cones narrow, cylindrical, nodding, often 

 curved (4' -C long) ; seed smooth ; cotyledons 8-10. — Cool and damp woods; 

 common northward to the Mississippi, and southward in the Alleghanies. — 

 The White Pine (called in England Weymouth Pine) is our tallest tree, often 

 120° -160° in a straight column in primitive forests, and is invaluable fur its 

 soft and light white or yellowish wood, m large trunks nearly free from resin. 



