LILIACE.^E. (lily FAMILY.) 533 



1. E. Americknum, Smith. (Yellow Adder's-tongue.) Leaves 

 elliptical-laiu'coliUc, pale green, mottled and commonly dotted with purplish 

 and whitish ; perianth ll(/ht yellow, often spotted near the base ; style club-shaped ; 

 sti(i mas united into one. — Low copses: common. May. — Scape 6' -9' high: 

 flower 1' or more long. — E. bracte.\tum, Boott, from the Camel's Rump 



fountain, Vermont, is probably only an accidental state, with a bract, such as 

 c Western E. grandiflorum often has. 



2. E. albidum, Nutt. (White Dog's-tooth Violet.) Leaves ellip- 

 tical-lanceolate, less or not at all spotted, not dotted ; perianth bluish-white; inner 

 divisions toothless ; style more slender except at the apex, bearing 3 spreading 

 stigmas. — Low thickets, New York (near Albany), and S. Pcnn. to Wisconsin 

 and Illinois. — At Lake Superior, Dr. Bobbins finds a plant hke this hnti/cllow- 

 Jiowercd, a transition towards E. granditlorum. 



22. ORNITHOGALUM, Tonrn. Star-of-Bethlehem. 



Perianth of 6 colored (white) spreading 3-7-nervcd sepals. Filaments 6, 

 flattencd-awl-shaped. Style 3-sided : stigma 3-angled. Pod membranous, 

 roundish-angular, with few dark and roundish seeds in each cell, loculicidal. — 

 Scape and linear channelled leaves from a coated bulb. Flowers corymbed, 

 braetcd. (An ancient whimsical name from opvts, <i bird, and ydXa, milL\) 



1. O. umbell.\tum, L. Flowers 5-8, on long and spreading pedicels; 

 sepals green in the middle on the outside. — Escaped from gardens into moist 

 meadows, eastward. June. (Nat. from Eu.) 



23. SCILLA, L. Squill. 



Perianth of 6 colored (blue or purple) spreading sepals, mostly deciduous; 

 the 6 awl-shaped filaments at their base. Style thread-like. Pod 3-ang1ed, loc- 

 ulicidal, 3-valved, with several black roundish see^ls in each cell. — Scape and 

 linear leaves from a coated bulb : the flowers in a simple raceme, mostly braetcd. 

 (The ancient name.) 



]. S. Frkseri. (Eastern Quamash. Wild Hyacinth.) Leaves long 

 and linear, keeled ; raceme elongated ; bracts solitary, longer than the pedicels ; 

 stigma minutely 3-cleft ; pod triangular, several-seeded. (Phahingium cscule'n- 

 tiim, Nutt. Scilla esculenta, A'ec. Camassia Fraseri, To/r.) — Moist ])rairies 

 and river-banks, Ohio to Wisconsin and southwestward. May. — Bulb onion- 

 like, eaten by the Indians. Scape 1° high. Sepals widely spreading, pale 

 blue, 3-nerved, 6" long. 



24. ALLIUM, L. Onion. Garlic. 



Perianth of 6 entirely colored sepals, which are distinct, or united at the 

 very base, 1,-nerved, often becoming dry and scarious and more or less persistent : 

 the 6 filaments awl-shaped or dilated at their base. Style jiersistent, thread- 

 like : stigma simple. Pod lobed, loculicidal, 3-valve(l, with 1 or few ovoid- 

 kidney-sha(ied aniphitropous or eanipylotropous black seeds in each cell. — 

 Strong-scented and pungent stcmless herbs; the leaves and scape from a 



