CTPERACK^. (sedge FAMILY.) 555 



17. C. Gr^yii, Ton-. Culm threadronu, wiry (6'- 12' higli';; leaves 

 almost bristle-slut [xd, clmiuielled ; uinhd sinijik, •l-d-raijed ; spikes 5-10 in a loose 

 head, spreadimj ; joints of the axis winged; scales rather obtuse, greenisli-chestimt- 

 colur. — Barren sands, Plyniouth, Mass., to New Jersey, near the coast. 



18. C. filiculmis, Valil. Culm slender, wiry, often reclined (8' -15' 

 hi<>!i); leiires liiirar ( 1 " -2" wide); spikes numerous and clustered in one sessile 

 dense head, or in 1-7 additional looser heads on spreading rai/s of an irregular 

 umbel; Joints of the axis naked; scales blunt, greenish. (C. mariscoides, Eil.) — 

 Dry sterile soil : common, especially southward. 



§4. MARtSCUS, Vahl. Sti/le 3-cleJl: the uchenium triangular: stamens 3: 

 spikes 1 -few-flowered, narrow or awl-shaped, with 2 lower scales short and 

 eniptg, and inclined to persist on the common axis when the rest of the spike dis- 

 articulates and falls, crowded in dense heads : otherwise nearly as in the penvJ- 

 timate division o/" § ■3. ( Perennials with clustered small tubers at base of the culms, 

 as- in the preceding division : spikes green, merelg tawny with age. ) 



19. C. Laneastriensis, T. C. Porter, n. sp. Culm (l°-2° high) trian- 

 gular ; leaves rather broadly linear; nmbcl of 6 - 9 mostly elongated rays ; spikes 

 veiy numerous in short-oblong or globular dense heads, soon reflexed, 3-6- 

 flowered, linear-awlshaped ; the joints of the axis broadly winged ; scales oblong, 

 obtuse, twice the length of the linear-oblong achenium. — Rich soil, banks of the 

 Susquehanna near Lancaster, Penn., Prof Porter. — Most like the Southern 

 C. Baldwinii, Torr. ; but twice the size; the more numerous spikes 4" -5" long, 

 more linear, less pointed, on a setaceous-bractcd axis of 6" or 7" in length, 

 with longer scales and achenium, &c. 



20. C. OVUlai'is, Torr. Culm sharply triangular (6'- 12' high); umbel 

 1 -6-rayod; spikes (50-100) in a globular Ver^^ dense head, 2 -4-flowered, oblong, 

 blunt (li-"-2" long); joints of the axis winged; scales ovate, obtuse, a little 

 longer than the obovate-oblong achenium. — Sandy dry soil, S. New York to 

 Illinois and southward. 



21. C. retrofractus, Torr. Culm and leaves usually minutely downy 

 and rough on the obtusish angles (l°-3° high); umbel many-rayed; spikes 

 slender-awl-shaped, very numerous in obovate or oblong heads terminating the 

 elongated rays, soon reflexed, \-2-flowered in the middle (3" -5" long); scales 

 usually 4 or 5, the two lowest ovate and empty, the fertile lanceolate and pointed, 

 the uppermost involute-awl-shaped ; achenium linear. (Scirpus retrofractus, L.) 

 — Sandy fields, New Jersey to Virginia, and southward. 



2. KYLLIWGIA, Rottbiill. Kyllixgia. (PI. 1.) 



Spikes of 3 or 4 two-ranked scales, 1 - l-i-flowcrcd ; the 2 lower scales rhinute 

 and empty, as in Cypcrus, § 4, but style ofrencr 2-cleft, and achenium lenticular : 

 the spikes densely aggregated in solitary or triple sessile heads. Involucre 

 3-ljavcd. (Named after Peter Kylling, a Danish botanist of the 17th century.) 



1. K. ptimila, Michx. Head globular or 3-lobed, whitish-green (about 

 4" broad) ; spikes strictly 1-flowered; upper scales ovate, pointed, rough on the 

 keel; stamens and styles 2; leaves linear. — Low grounds, Ohio to Illinois 

 and southward. Aug. — Culms 2' -9' high : root annual. 



