592 CYPERACEiE. (SEDGE FAMILY.) 



a short aud abrupt minutely-toothed beak about the length of the ovate pointed 

 chestnut-colored scale. (C. niarginata, Maid.) — Dry woods and liills : common, 

 especially northward. 



98. C. viria, Muhl. Sterile spiLe sessile ; fertile 2-3, mostly 3, distinct, on 

 very short stalks, ovoid, 6 - lO-Jiouered ; the lowest and sometimes the 2 lower 

 with fjreen leaf -I dee bracts; pen<jyiiia obocold, with an abrupt distinctly toothed beak, 

 about the lenj^th of the ovate pointed liyht-brown scale. (C. Peimsylvanica, var. 

 Muhlenbcrgii, Gray, Gram. <j- Cyp.) — Dry wooded hills: common, especially 

 northward. Closely rescmljlcs the last; but has wider, shorter, and more rigi.l 

 glaucous leaves; also taller (1°-1.^°) and more erect than No. 96, broader- 

 leaved, and the spikes scattered. All these seem to run together. 



99. C. PRECOX, Jacq. Sterile spike club-shaped : fertile 2-3, oblong-ovoid, 

 a(/fjre(/nt! d near the base of the sterile spike, sessile, or the lowest sometimes on a 

 very short «talk, with a leaf-like bract scarcely exceeding the spike ; perujynia 

 ovoid-trinnijulur, attenuutid at the base, with a short beak and nearly entire orifice, 

 about equal to the ovate pointed dark-brown scale; achcnium obovoid, with ii 

 prominent ring at the apex surrounding the base of the style ; culm 3' -6' high ; 

 leaves short, ratlier rigid. (C. verna, Vdlurs, Dew., not of Schk.) — Rocky hills, 

 Salem and Ipswich, Massachusetts. (Nat. from Eu.) 



100. C. Eichards6nii, 11. Br. Sterile spile pedunded, cylindrical; frtite 

 1 or 2, sessile or short-stalked, approximate, oblorxj, longer than the scale-like 

 brownish and mostly short-pointed bracts ; perigynia obovoid-triangiilar, tvith a 

 t(iperh)fj base, obtuse, nearly biukless, the short point with an almost entire orijice, 

 rather shorter than the ovate acutish brown or chestnut-colored scale; culm 

 (5'-y' high) and rigid leaves rough. — Dry ground, near Rochester, New York 

 (Deu-ry); prairies of Illinois {Mead); Wisconsin {Sart well), and northward. — 

 A well-marked species, in aspect most like No. 97. 



101. C. pubescens, Muhl. Sterile spike usually sessile ; /er?//e 3-4, o6- 

 lon;/ or cylindrical, loosely fiowered, somewhat approximated, or the lowest a little 

 remote, on a short stalk, with a narrow leaf-like bract about the height of the 

 culm ; fruit ocoid and sharply triangular, downy, attenuated at the base, tvith an 

 abrupt slender beak nearly entire at the orijice, a little longer than the ovate abrupt- 

 ly-pointed white Scale ; culm and flaccid flat leaves soft downy. — Moist woods and 

 meadows. New England to Wisconsin and Kentucky. Differs from the other 

 species of this section in its greater size and in aspect, and especially in the 

 sharply angled perigynium. 



§ 7. Perigynia slightly inflated, with a short beak, terminating in an entire or slajlilly 

 notched oriflce; staminate spike solitary, stalked (in No. 102 usually pistil- 

 late at the summit) : culms tall and leafy. (Two quite unlike species, arti- 

 ficially combined merely for convenience.) — Anomaly. 



102. C. mili^eea, Muhl. Staminale spike commonly fertile at the sum- 

 mit ; fertile, sp'ikes 3, cylindrical, ratlier slcauler, loosely flowered at the base, on 

 fliiform noddiiiq stidts; bracts exceeding the culm, with short or nearly obsolete 

 sheaths; peritjipiid ovoid-triangular, very smooth aiul thm, with an entire or \iiy\f 

 minutely notched orifice, longer than the ovate short-awjied white scale. (C. 

 prasiua, Wald.) — Hills aud wet meadows.- rather common. 



