CYPERACIwE. (sedge FAMILY.) 599 



iouthward. — Plant 2° -4° high, of yellowish appearance, with long foliaccous 

 bracts, and leaves 4" wide. 



135. C. rostr^ta, Michx. More slender and smaller than the last (10'- 

 15' high), strictl}' erect, rather rigid; leaves narrow; fertile spikes 1-3, com- 

 monly 2 ; peritpjnia sccvn-ly spreadui(j at maturity, lanceolate, ohtuselij friamjtilar, 

 slender-lwdkeil, about t^\'icc the length of the brownish blunt scute. — Cold bogs, 

 mountains of N. New York, New Kngland, and northward. 



136. C. SUbul^ta, Michx. Fertile spi/ces 3-5, rerij remote, on included 

 peduncles loosely few- (4-S-Jlouvrtd, commonly with a few staminatc flowers at 

 the apex ; p<ri<ji/nia awl-shaped, rejicxed at maturiti/ ; the long slender beak deeply 

 cleft or grooved down one side, tipped with 2 awn-like and at length rigidhj de- 

 flexed teeth. ( C. Collinsii, Niitt. C. Michauxii, Dew. ) — Cedar swamps, Canada 

 (Midtaux) to Rhode Island {Ohiei/}, and New Jersey near the coast: rare. 



§ 13. Perigijnm much inflated, ohovoid or ohconic, rather few-nerved, smooth, with a long 

 and slender 2-toofhed beak abruptly produced from the obtuse or at maturiti/ ecen 

 refuse summit, tawny-brown or straw-colored at niaturity, spreading horizon- 

 tally, or the lower detlcxed, very densely aggregated in thic/c spilces: these, 

 1 — 7 in number, are either all androrpjnons, staminate at base, or the terminal 

 wholly staminate, the others sometimes wholly pistillate : leaves and bracts flat, 

 the latter much longer than the culm. — Squakk6s^. 



137. C. squarrdsa, L. Spikes of en only one, commonly 2-5, globular, ovoid, 

 or cylindraceous (G''-7" thick), the terminal one with a slender-contracted base 

 from the numerous staminate flowers, the others almost wholly fertile, on short 

 slender peduncles, their bracts scarcely sheathing; perigynia sparingly nerved, 

 longer than and concealing the blunt or short-pointed scales. (C. typluna, Michx.) 

 — Low grounds, E. New England to Illinois and southward. — Itemarkablc for 

 its dense, short and thick spikes, about 1' long, to which the spreading beaks of 

 the perigynia give a bristly appearance. 



138. C. Stenolepis, Torr. Spikes 5-7, the terminal one wholly staminate, 

 or sometimes fertile at the top or throughout ; the others irilh a few staminate 

 flowers at the base or sometimes none, cylindrical (I' or more long), the upper 

 approximated, nearly sessile on the zigzag stem, the lower remote on exserted 

 stalks, their bracts sheathing ; perigynia shorter than the long awn-like rough 

 scales. (C. Frankii, Kuuth. C Shortii, Steud., not of Torr.) — Marshes, Penn- 

 sylvania (Prof Porter) and Virginia to Illinois, and southwestward. — Somewhat 

 resetnbling the last ; but the spikes are narrower and more numerous, and of a 

 still more bristly appearance from the projecting points of the scales. 



§ 14. Perlgijnia much infljtted, smooth and shining, becoming straw-colored at maturity, 

 with a tapering more or less elongated 2-toothed beak: bracts leaf-like, with very 

 short or obsolete sheaths (conspicuously sheathing only in No. 139) ; scales 

 brown or tawny: staminate spikes 2-5, rarely 1, stalked. — Vesic.Vri.e. 

 * Perigynia conspicuous! y nerved : bracts ns'ial/y much exceeding the culm. 

 •f- Fertile spikes oblong or cylindrical, many-flowered. 



139. C. retrorsa, Schw. Sterile s])ikes 1 -.S, the uppermost occasionally 

 with a few fertile flowers, the rest more or less pistillate at the base; fertile spikes 

 4-5, oblong-cylindrical, erect, the upper approximate and clustered on short or in- 



