coo CYPERACKiE. (sedge FAMILY.) 



eluded stalks, the. loiirst remote on a long cxsertcd stalk, and (with one or more 

 of the others) often bearing: I -2 short branehcs at the base; i)erii;i/iiia ciowded, 

 spretidim/ uiid at length rejiixed, sUoiv^ly Jliv-iierued, tapering from an ovoid eon- 

 traetcd base into a conspicnoush) toothed beak, much loii<ier than the hiiiceohiie sndc. 

 (C. reversa, Spreiirj.) — Marshy borders of streams, New EngUind to Penn., Wis- 

 eonsin, and northwestward. — Culm nearly smooth (1^°-2.|° high) : leaves and 

 bracts 3" -4" wide, miieh exceeding the tiiiek spikes, whifh are I'-l^' long. — 

 Van IIAuTii (C. Hartii, Dea:} is a slender state, with fertile spikes distant, the 

 lower long pediineled. — Yates Co., New York, Dr. Hurt \Vri<//it. 



140. C. gigantea, Hudge. Sterile spikes 1-5; sometimes with a few 

 fertile Howers ; _/ert//e spikes S-^, vjjilndricul, someidiat erect, or spreading on 

 exscrted peduncles, distant or the upper contiguous, all or most of them stximimite 

 at the apex ; peri gi/nia ascending, at length horizontal, mang-nerved, al)ruptly tapering 

 from a broadly or globular-ovate ventricosc base into a long and slender sharply 

 2-toothed beak, much longer than the ovate-lanceolate mostly awn-pointed scale ; 

 achenium broader than high, strongly triquetrous, with concave faces. — Swam])S, 

 Delaware ( IF. M. Canhg), Kentucky (.SVfwO, and southward. — Allied to the 

 preceding and to No. l.'3.3. Culm 2° -3° high : perigynia about G" long. 



141. C. Schweinitzii, Dew. Sterile spikes commonly 2, the lower often 

 pistillate at the base;yert//e sjii/ces 3-4, cylindiical, somctrhat drooping, densclg 

 flowered, ofhn staminate at the apex, and occasionally the lower rather compound 

 at the base, on smooth nearly included stalks; perigynia ascending, oblong-(noid, 

 rather lightly few-nerved, tapering into a smooth short-toothed beak, a little longer 

 than the lanctohite roughlg long-awned scale. — Wet swamps. New England, New 

 Jersey, W. New York, and northward: not common. — Culm 10'- 15' high, 

 smooth : bracts and leaves 2'' -3" wide, smooth except the margins, much ex- 

 ceeding the culm : fertile spikes (2' -3' long, rather narrow) and ihe whole jjlant 

 turning straw-color. Perigynia 2i"-3" long, thin. 



142. C. Utriculkta, Boott. Sterile spikes 3~i; fertile spikes 2-5, com- 

 monlg 3, rather distant, sessile, or the lowest (sometimes loose and attenuated at 

 the base), peduncled, cylindrical (l^'-4' long) thick, and densely very many- 



floicered; perigynia ovate, either vcntricose and abruptly or inclining to elliptical 

 and more gradually contracted into a cylindrical smooth beak, longer than the 

 lanceolate very acute or awn-pointed scale : culm stout and thick, obtusely angular, 

 spongy at base (2°-3° high); leaves flat (3' -4'' broad), pale, nodose-reticu- 

 lated. (C. ampullacea, var. utrieulata of former ed.) Swamps, New England 

 to Penn., Michigan, and common northward. — Fruit sometimes almost that 

 of C. vesicaria, sometimes that of C. ami)ullaeea, into which it merges north- 

 ward : the rough mostly awn-like points of the scale usually distinguish it from 

 both European species. 



143. C. Vaseyi, Dew. Differs from the Inst in the shndrr culm n-ith acute 

 rouqh angles; fertile spikes (2 or 3) looser and fewer-flowered; perigynia more 

 tapering into the lieak, and scales less pointed ; from C. vesicaria, L. of Europe 

 (of which it is the nearest representative) in the more pointed scales and fewer- 

 nerved perigynia tapering gradually into a longer beak ; from the next (into 

 which it probably passes) by the \:\r<::Qr elongaled-orate perigynia tapering into a 

 slender beak (the roughness of wliieh, indicated by Dr. Boott, is rarely obvious, 



