GRAMINE^. (grass FAMILY.) 637 



42. LEPTURUS, R. Br. Lepturus. (n. 11.) 



Spikclets solitary on each joint of the filiform rhachis, and partly immersed 

 in the excavation, 1 -2-flowcred. Glumes \-'2, including the 2 thin pointless 

 palcts. Stamens 3. Grain free, oblong-linear, cylindrical. — Low and branch- 

 ing, often procumbent Grasses, chiefly annuals, with narrow leaves and slender 

 spikes (whence the name, from Xenros, slender, and ovpd, tail.) 



1. L. paniculktus, Nutt. Stem slender (6' -20' long), naked and 

 curved above, bearing 3-9 racemosely disposed thread-like and triangular 

 spikes; glumes 2, transverse. — Open grounds and salt licks, Illinois (.l/caJ), 

 jind westward. Aug. 



43. LOLIUM, L. Darnel. (PI. 11.) 



Spikelets many-flowered, solitary on each joint of the continuous rhachis, 

 placed edgewise; the glume, except in the terminal spikelet, only one (the up- 

 per) and external: — otherwise nearly as in Triticum. (Ancient Latin name.) 



1. L. PERENNE, L. (Common Darnel, Rat- or Rye-Grass.) Root peren- 

 nial, (jlume shorter than the spikelet ; flowers 8-15, awnless or sometimes short- 

 awned. — Fields and lots : eastward! June. — A pretty good pasture-grass. 

 (Nat. from Eu.) 



2. L. TEMULENTUM, L. (Bearded Darnel.) Root annual ; culm taller, 

 glume fuUij equalling the .5 - 7-flowered spikelet ; awn lonyer than the flower (^' long). 

 — Grain-fields: rare. — Grain noxious; almost the only instance of the kind 

 among Grasses. (Adv. from Eu.) 



44. TRITICUM, L. Wheat. (PI. 11.) 



Spikelets 3 -several-flowered, single at each joint, and placed with the side 

 against the rhachis. Glumes transverse (i. e. right and left), nearly equal and 

 opposite, herbaceous, nerved. Lower i)alet very like the glumes, convex on the 

 back, pointed or awned from the tip: the upper flattened, bristly-ciliate on the 

 nerves, free, or adherent to the groove of the grain. Stamens 3. (The classical 

 name, probably from tritus, beaten, because the grain is threshed out of tho 

 spikes.) — The true species are annuals, with the glumes ovate-oblong, turgid 

 and boat-shaped, as in common Wheat (T. vulgXre). Others are perennial, 

 with nearly lanceolate glumes, and 2-ninked spikes, never furnishing bread-corn 

 (§ Agropyron, Ga^rtn.) ; to which the following belong. Flowering in summer. 

 * Multiplying by long running rootstocks : awn shorter than the flower or none. 



1. T. r6pens, L. (Couch-, Quitch, or Quick-Grass.) Spikelets 4-8- 

 flowered, glabrous or nearly so ; glumes 5 - 7-nerved ; rhachis glabrous, but rough 

 on the edges ; awns when present straight ; leaves flat and often roughish or 

 pubescent above. — Nat. in cultivated grounds, fields, &c., and very troublesome; 

 indigenous northwestward. — Varies greatly. A tall form, rather bright green 

 (Var. nemorXle, Andersson) bears awns nearly as long as the palct. A lower 

 form is glaucous and mostly awnless or nearly so. A maritime form (nearly 

 Var. intermedium. Fries, and approaching T. laxum. Fries, and T. aeutum, 

 DC), collected by Prof. Tuckerman on the coast of Maine, is glaucous, rigid, with 



