GRAMINE^. (grass FAMILY.) 639 



2 for each spikclet, forming an involucre to the cluster. Palets coriaceous; the 

 lower rounded on the back, acute or awncd at the apex. Grain adherent to the 

 involving- jialets (whence the name, an ancient one for some grain, from eXuca, 

 to roll tip). 



* Glumes and flowers ^/irm or rujid, both or only the latter awned: spikelets 1-5- 



Jlowered: perennials, luith slender culms and rather harsh and broad Jlat leaves. 



■*- Sfiilce lanje and stout. 



1. E. Virginicus, L. Sjiike riijidty Hj)rii;ht, dense (2' -3' long, 6" thick), 

 on a sliort peduncle muidhj included in tite sluath ; spikelets 2-3 together, 2-3- 

 flowered, smooth, ratlicr short-awned, about the length of the thickened strongly- 

 nerved and bristle-pointed lanceolate glumes. — River-banks: common. Aug.—' 

 Culm stout, 2° -3° high. 



2. E. Canadensis, L. Spike soon nodding (5' -9' long), on an cxserted 

 peduncle; spikelets mostly in pairs, of 3 -.5 long-awned rough or rough-hairy 

 flowers ; the awl-shapid glumes tipped with shorter awns. (E. Philadelphicus, L. .') 

 — Var. GLAUCiF(')Lius (E. glaucifolius, Muhl.) is pale or glaucous throughout, 

 the flowers with more spreading awns (1^' long). — River-banks : common. 



H- Sptihe more slender, as also the culm. 



3. E. SibiricUS, L. Glabrous; spike ivand-like (2'- G' long, about 3" thick) . 

 often somewhat nodding ; spikelets in pairs, 3 - 6-flowercd ; glumes linear-lanceo- 

 late, 3 - 5-nervcd, short-awned, shorter than the flowers, which arc rather short-awnod. 



■ — South shore of Lake Superior (Porter), and northwestward. (Eu.) 



4. E. StriatuS, Willd. More or less pubescent; spike dense and thickisk 

 (2' - 4' long), upright or sligiitly nodding^ spilvclets mostly in pairs, 1 -2- (or 

 rarely 3-) flowered, minutely bristly-hairy; glumes awl-shaped, bristle-awned, 1-3- 

 nerved, about thrice the length of the flowers exclusive of the capillary awn (which 

 is I' long). — Var. villusus (E. villosus, Mnhl.!) has very hairy flowers and 

 glumes, and villous sheaths. — Rocky woods and banks. July, Aug. — Palets 

 only 3" long. 



* * Glumes and palets awnless and sofl in texture: reed-like perennials. 



5. E. mollis, Trin. (not of R. Br.) Culm (3° high) velvety at top ; spike 

 thick, erect (8' long) ; spikelets 2 or 3 at each joint, 5-8-flowered; the lanceo- 

 late pointed 5-7-nerved glumes (1' long) and the pointed ])alets soft-villous ; 

 rhachis of the spikelets separating into joints. — Shore of the Great Lakes, 

 Maine, and northward. (Near E. arenarius.) 



47. GYMNOSTICHUM, Schrcb. Bottlk-brdsh Gkass. (PI. 11.) 



Spikelets 2-3 or sometimes solitary on each joint of the rhachis, raised on a 

 very short callous pedicel, loosely 2 -4-flowercd (when solitary flatwise on the 

 rhachis.) Glumes none! or small, awn-like, and deciduous (whence the name, 

 from yvfivos, nuked, and arixos, 7'ank). Otherwise nearly as in Elymus. 



1. G. Hystrix, Sehrel), Spike loose (3' -6' long); the spreading spike- 

 lets 2-3 together, early deciduous; flowers smoothish or often rough-hairy, 

 tipped with an awn thrice their length (1' long) ; leaves and sheaths smoothish; 

 culm 3° -4° high; root perennial. (Elymus Ilystrix, Z.) — iloist woodlands. 

 July, Aug. 



