12 



A PATTERN PLANT. 



[section 2. 





ewB 



11. Oil coiumittlug these seeds to moist and warm soil tbe;y soon sprout, 

 1. e. germinate. The very short stem-part of tlie embryo is the first to 

 grow. It lengthens, protrudes its root-end ; this turns downAvard, if not 

 ah-eady pointing in that direction, and while it is lengthening a root forma 

 at its point and grows downward into the ground. This root continues to 

 grow on from its lower end, and thus insinuates itself and 

 penetrates into the soil. The stem meanwhile is adding 

 to its length throughout ; it erects itself, and, seeking the 

 light, brings the seed up out of the ground. The mate- 

 rials for this growth have been supplied by the cotyledons 

 or seed-leaves, still in the seed : it was the store of nour- 

 ishiiig material they held which gave them their thickish ^^^ 

 shape, so unlike that of ordinary leaves. Now, relieved of 

 a part of this store of food, which has formed the growth by 

 which they have been raised into the air 

 and light, they appropriate the remain- 

 der to their own growth. In enlarging 

 they open and throw off the seed-husk ; 

 they expand, diverge into a horizontal 

 position, turn green, and thus become 

 a pair of evident leaves, the first foliage 

 of a tiny plant. This seedling, although 

 diminutive and most simple, possesses 

 and puts into use, all the Organs of 

 Vegetation, namely, root, 'stem, and 

 leaves, each in its proper element, — the 

 root in the soil, the stem rising out of 

 it, the leaves in the light and open air 

 It now draws in moisture and some 

 food-materials from the soil by its root, 



conveys tliis through the stem into the leaves, where these materials, along 

 witli other crude food which these imbibe from the air, arc assimilated iuto 

 vcgetaijle matter, i. e. into the material for further growth. 



12. Further Growth soon proceeds to the formation of new parts, — 

 downward in the production of more root, or of branches of the main root, 

 upward in the development of more stem and leaves. That from which a 

 stem with its leaves is continued, or a new stem (i.e. branch) originated, is 

 a Bud. The most conspicuous and f'anuliar buds are those of most shrubs 

 and trees, bearing buds formed in summer or autumn, to grow the following 



Fig. 5. Early Flax seedling ; stem (cauliclc), root at lower end, expanded seed- 

 leaves (cotyledons) at the other: minnte Innl (plumule) between these. 6. Same 

 later; the hud developed into second pair of leaves, with hardly any stem-part be- 

 low thcni; tlien into a third pair of leaves, raised on a short joint of stem ; and a 

 fifth leaf also showing. 7. Same still older, witii more leaves developed, but these 

 singly (one after another), and with joints of stem between them. 



