CONTENTS. Vii 



Compound Pistil with Cells ami Axile Placentae 107 



Uiie-celleil with Free Central Placenta 108 



One-celled with Parietal Placenta 1U8 



§ 2. Gymnospermous Gyn(ecium lO'J 



SECTION XL OVULES 110 



Their Parts, Insertion, and Kinds Ill 



SECTION NIL MODIFICATIONS OF THE llECEPTACLE . . 112 



Torus, Stipe, Carpophore, Disk 113 



SECTION XIIL FERTILIZATION 114 



§ 1. Adaptations for Pollination of the Stigma . . . 114 



Close and Cross Fertilization, Aneniophilous and Entomopliilous 115 



Dichogamy and Heterogony UK 



§ 2. Action of the Pollen and Formation of the Embryo 117 



SECTION XIV. THE FRUIT 117 



Nature and kinds 118 



Berry, Pepo, Pome . , 11!) 



Drupe and Akene 120 



Cremocarp, Caryopsis, Nut 121 



Follicle, Legume, Capsule 122 



Capsular Dehiscence, Silique and Silicle 123 



Pyxis, Strobile or Cone 124 



SECTION XV. THE SEED 125 



Seed-coats and their appendages 125 



The Kernel or Nucleus, Embryo and its parts, Albunicn . . 127 



SECTION XVI. VEGETABLE LIFE AND WORK 128 



§ 1. Anato.mical Structure and Growth 129 



Nature of Growth, Protoplasm 129 



Cells and Cell-walls. Cellular Structure or Tissue .... 130 



Strengthening Cells. Wood, Wood-cells, Vessels or Ducts . 132 



§ 2. Cell-conti:nt.s 136 



Sap, Ciilorophyll, Starch 136 



Crystals, Rliaphides 137 



§ 3. Anatomy of Roots and Stems 138 



Endogenous and Exogenous Stems 139 



Particular structure of tiie latter 140 



Wood, Sapwood and lleiirt-wood. Tiic living parts (;f a Tree 141 



§ 1 Anatomy of Lkavks 142 



Epidermis, Stomata or Rreathing poie^ 143 



§ 5. Plant Food and Assimilation 144 



§ 6. Plant Wouic and Movemknt 149 



Movements in Cells or Cj-closis . 149 



Transference from Cell to Cell 150 



