SAXIFRAGE FAMILY. 165 



TI. Shrubs, with simple leaves (includes plants which have 

 been ranked in 2 or 3 different families). None of the follow- 

 ing have stipules, except Kibes. Seeds numerous. 



* Leaves opposite. Calyx lube wholly coherent with the top-shaped or hemispherical 

 ovary, but not at all extended beyond it. 

 +- Stamens only twice as many as the petals, 8 or U). 

 1. DF.T'TZIA. Flowers all .iliko ami porfect, iiidi-i; or less panicled, showy. I,ol)Cs of the 

 calyx o. Petals n, valvate, with the edg-es tunu-il inwards. Fila:iuMits tlat, the o 

 alternate ones longer, commonly with a tooth or fork on each side ne.xt the top. 

 Styles 3-5, slender. Pod 3-5-celled. 



8. HYDRANGEA. Flowers in cymes, commonly of two sorts, the inarsinal ones (or in 



hig-h-cultivated plants almost all) enlarged and neutral, consisting- of the corolla-like 

 caly.Y only (Lessons, p. 78, Fig. 214) ; the others perfect, with a 4-5-toothed calyx, as 

 many small petals valvate in the bud, and twice as many stamens with slender 

 filaments. Styles 2-5, diverging. Ovary 2-5-eelled, becoming a small pod which 

 opens at the top between the styles. 



-K -i- Stamens indefinite, 2(M0. 



9. I)ECtTM.\I{I.\. Flowers small, in a compound terminal cyme. Caly.x minutely 7-10- 



toothed. Style thick. Petals 7-10, valvate in the bud. Pod small, top-shaped, 

 many-ribbed, bursting at the sides between the ribs. 

 10. PHILADEIjPIinS. Flowers showy, often corymbed or panicled. Caly.x with 4 or 5 

 valvate lobes. Petals 4 or 5, broad, convolute in the bud. Styles 3-5, usually some- 

 what united below. Ovary 3-5-celled, becoming a pod, which splits at length into 



as many pieces 



Leaves alternate. 



11. ITE.V. Leaves pinnately veined, not lobed. Flowers in a raceme. Caly.x: nearly free 



from the 2-celled ovary, .>rleft. Petals lanceolate, much longer than the calyx, and 

 inserted along with the 5 stamens near its base. Pod slender, 2-celIed, splitting 

 through the style and the i)artition. 



12. KIBES. Leaves palmately veined and lobed ; sometimes with niirrow stipules united 



with the base of the petiole. Calyx with its tube cohering with the ovary, and often 

 extended beyond it, the 5 lobes usually colored like the petals. Petals and stamens 

 each 5, on the throat of the calyx, the former small and mostly erect. Styles 2 or 

 partly united into one; ovary 1-celled with 2 parietal placenta?, in fruit becoming a 

 juicy berry, crowned with the shriveled remains of the rest of the flower. 



1. SAXIFRAGA, SAXIFRAGE. (Latin name, rock-breaker : many 

 species rootiuj; in tlie clefts of rocks.) Besides tlie following there are 

 a number of rare or local wild .species. 2/ 



* Lrave.'! all clustered al lite rout; the naked arape chimin>i ahnre and 

 licariini 111(1)11/ small ivhitish Jlowers in a panicle tir ci/nie, the 2 orarirs 

 u nihil hiiri'hj at the base, making at length a pair of nearly separate, 

 dirrniriii pods. ]\'ild species. 



S. Virginiensis, Michx. K.\ni,Y S. On rocks and moist banks ; 

 witli obovate or wedge-spatulale, thickisli, more or less toothed leaves in 

 an open cluster ; scape 8'-9' high, bearing in early spring white flowers in 

 a dense cluster, which at length opens into a loose panicled cyme ; calyx 

 not half the length of the petals ; pods turning purple. 



S. Pennsylvdiiica, Linn. S\v.\aii> S. In low, wet ground X. ; with 

 lance-oblons or ubiaiiceolate obtuse leaves (4'-8' long), ob.scurely toothed 

 and narrowed intn a very short, broad petiole; scape l°-2° high, bearing 

 small greenish flowers in an oblong cluster, opening with age into a looser 

 panicle (in spring) ; the reflexed lobes of the calyx as long as the lance- 

 linear petals. 



