DOGWOOD FAMILY. 205 



* * Smaller; short stems scarcely icuody at base ; few umbels ; Jloioers 

 early summer. 



A. hlspida, Vent. Buisti.v S.vksai'akilla. Rocky places ; bristly 

 stems }°-2° liigh, leafy below, naked and bearing corymbed umbels 

 above ; leaves twice pinnate, the leaflets oblong-ovate and cut-toothed. 



A. uudicatilis, Linn. Common Wif.d S. Low ground ; the aromatic, 

 horizontal, slender roots running 3°-5° long, used as a substitute for offi- 

 cinal Sarsaparilla ; the smooth, proper stem rising only 2'—!:', bearing a 

 single long-stalked leaf of 5 ovate or oval serrate leaflets on each of the 3 

 divisions of the petiole, and a short peduncle with 2-7 umbels. 



§ 2. GiNSENo. Sterile arid fertile flowers ustially on separate simple- 

 stemmed plants, in a single slender-stalked umbel, below it a single 

 whorl of digitate leaves; styles and cells of the fruit 2 or o. 



A. quinquefdlia, Dec. & Planch. Ginseng. Root spindle-shaped, 

 warm-aromatic, 4'-9' long ; stem 1° high ; leaflets 5 at the end of each 

 of the S petioles, slender-stalked, thin, obovate-oblong, pointed, serrate ; 

 flowers in summer ; fruit red. Rich woods N. Also cult. Medicinal. 



A. trifdlia, Dec. & Planch. Dwauf G. or Grolnonut. Low woods, 

 N. ; 4'-8' high, from a deep, globular, pungent-tasted root ; leaflets 3 or 

 sometimes 5 sessile on the end of each of the 3 petioles, narrow-oblong 

 and obtuse ; flowers in spring ; fruit orange-yellow. 



2. HEDERA, IVY. (The ancient Latin name.) Flowers late summer. 



H. Helix, Linn. True or English Ivy. Woody climber, with ever- 

 green, glossy, rounded heart-shaped or kidney-shaped and 3-lobed or 3- 

 angled, often variegated leaves, or in some varieties more deeply 3-7-cleft, 

 yellowish-green flowers, and blackish berries; covers shaded walls, etc., 

 adhering by its rootlets, but scarcely hardy N. Eu. 



LVI. CORNACE^, DOGWOOD FAMILY. 



Shrubs, trees, or one or two mere herbs, with simple leaves, 

 small, often imperfect flowers, calyx tube in the perfect or pis- 

 tillate ones coherent with the surface of the 1-2-celled ovary, 

 which is crowned with the small calyx teeth or minute cup, 

 bearing the petals (valvate in the bud), and stamens of the 

 same number ; style and stigma single ; ovule and seed solitary 

 in the cells, hanging from the summit; fruit a small drupe 

 or berry. Petals sometimes 0. 



» Flowers perfect, in cifmes, close clusters, or heads. 



1. CORNrS. Minute tooth of the calyx, [>ot.ils, and stamens 4. Style slender ; stiprma ter- 



minal. Berry-like little drupe witli a 2-<;olled, '2-seodod stone. Leaves entire, opposite 

 except in one species, deciduous. Bark very bitter, tonic. Flower duster often 

 subtended by a corolla-like involucre. 



* • Flowers polygamous or divecious, in axillary clusters or solitar;/. 



2. AUCUBA. Flowers dioecious, dull puri)le. Teeth or lobes of the calyx and petals 4. 



Stamens in the sterile flowers 4, with short filaments and oblonj; anthers. Fertile 

 flowers with a 1 -celled ovary, bocominff an oblonir, red berry in fruit; style short; 

 stigma capitate. Leaves opposite, coriaceous and glossy, evergreen, smooth, more or 

 less toothed. 



